在游戏中将输入转换为大写

Question

我编写了一个非常简单的 Hangman 游戏，它请求用户输入，然后让用户猜测最多六次。始终显示单词的第一个字母，如果用户输入已经被发现的相同字母，则不会被视为错误，我想改进我的代码，使其在 Hangman 字符串由大写字母组成时接受小写输入。例如，如果输入字符串是“HELLO”并且用户在控制台上看到这个 H_____ 并且他输入小写“e”，则该字母应该被揭开并作为输入字符串打印为大写字母。因此，在用户输入 e 后，输出应如下所示 HE___然而，按照我的实现方式，它只是将所有大写字母转换为小写字母。

如果字符串中包含大写字母，如何使代码接受小写用户输入并打印出大写用户输入？

感谢您的帮助

#include <stdio.h>   
#include <string.h>  
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <ctype.h>

int main(void)
{
    char hangmanWord[100], tempWord[100];      
    char hangmanOutput[100];                    
    int wrongTry = 6 , matchFound = 0;         
    int tries = 0;                             
    int counter = 0 , position = 0, winner, length , i;
    char alphabetFromUser;
    scanf("%s",hangmanWord);

    getchar();
    length = strlen(hangmanWord);

     for( i = 1; i < length ; i++)
    {   
        hangmanOutput[i] = '_';
        hangmanOutput[length] = '\0';
    }

    for(i = 0 ; i < length ; i++)

    {   

        if(i==0){
        printf("%c",hangmanWord[0]);

        }

        printf("%c",hangmanOutput[i]);  //line output 

         if(i==length-1){
             printf("(%d)",tries);
         }

    }

    while(wrongTry != 0)                        /**while loop for exiting the program when no try left**/
    {
        matchFound = 0;
        putchar('\n');
        printf("letter: ");
        scanf("%c",&alphabetFromUser);
        fflush(stdin);
        if (matchFound != 2)
    {
        for(counter=0;counter<length;counter++)    /**for loop to check whether player input alphabet exists or not in the word**/
        {

            if(hangmanWord[counter]>= 'A' && hangmanWord[counter] <= 'Z'){

                hangmanWord[counter] = tolower(hangmanWord[counter]);
                 }

            if(alphabetFromUser==hangmanWord[counter])
             {
               matchFound = 1;
                     }//end of if()
            }//end of

     if(matchFound == 0)                      /**in case of wrong guess**/
        {
             wrongTry--;
             tries++;
        }//en
    else
       {
         for(counter = 0; counter < length; counter++)
             {
                 matchFound = 0;
                 if(alphabetFromUser == hangmanWord[counter])
              {
                 position = counter ;
                 matchFound = 1;
              }//end of if
              if(matchFound == 1)
              {
                 for(i = 0 ; i < length ; i++)
                 {
                      if( i == position)
                      {
                          hangmanOutput[i] = alphabetFromUser; /**Put the alphabet at right position**/
                      }
                      else if( hangmanOutput[i] >= 'a' && hangmanOutput[i] <= 'z' ) /** If the position already occupied
                                                                                  by same alphabet then no need to
                                                                                  fill again EASY!! and continue */
                      {
                          continue;
                      }

                      else
                      {
                          hangmanOutput[i] = '_';            /** Put a underscore at not guessed alphabet position **/
                      }
                }

                 tempWord[position] = alphabetFromUser;      /**put the alphabet in another char array to check with the original word**/
                tempWord[length] = '\0';   
                             /**put the NULL character at the end of the temp string**/
                winner = strcmp(tempWord+1,hangmanWord+1);      /**upon True comparison it will return 0**/

                if(winner == 0)                             /**if the player guessed the whole word right then he/she is the WINNER**/
                {
                    for(i = 0 ; i < length ; i++)

    {   
        if(i==0){
        printf("%c",hangmanWord[0]);

        }

        printf("%c",hangmanOutput[i+1]);  //line output  
         if(i==length-1){
             printf("(%d)",tries);
         }
    }     
                    getchar();
                    return 0;
                }//end of inner if
           }//end of outer if
        }//end of for loop
      }//end of else
    } // end of if(matchFound != 2) condition

for(i = 0 ; i < length ; i++)
    {   
        if(i==0){
        printf("%c",hangmanWord[0]);

        }

        printf("%c",hangmanOutput[i+1]);  //line output  
         if(i==length-1){
             printf("(%d)",tries);
         }
    }
    getchar();
    }

          if(wrongTry <= 0)                                 /**if the player can not guess the whole word in 5 chaces**/
      {
          putchar('\n');
          printf("DEAD\n");
          return 0;
      }
getchar();
    return 0;
}

Answer 1

查看ascii table ，从a到z的小写字母是从0x6_到0x7_，大写字母是从0x4_到0x5_，这意味着我们所要做的就是关闭第二个半字节的第二位，以便将小写字母转换为一个大写字母。

(a) a-z 如下:0110 xxxx, 0111 xxxx

(b) A-Z 如下:0100 xxxx, 0101 xxxx

假设我们有字符“a”，即 0110 xxxx。如果我们按位与 0x5F => 0110 xxxx & 0101 xxxx => 0100 xxxx => 'A'

char upper(char ch) {
   return(ch & 0x5F);
}

现在我们已经有了这个函数，我们可以使用它了。查看您的代码，您将检查hangman 数组两次，以防用户输入小写字母或大写字母，因此我们可以这样做一次

 int32_t right_letter;
 int32_t tries;
 int32_t win;

 right_letter = 0;

 /* since one letter is already discovered */
 win          = length - 1;


 while(wrongTry != 0) {

     /* read from user */

     for(counter = 0; counter < length; ++counter) {

         if(hangmanOutput[counter] == '_'){

            if(upper(alphabetFromUser) == upper(hangmanWord[counter])) {

                hangmanOutput[counter] = hangmanWord[counter];

                right_letter = 1;

                ++win;

            }

        }

    if(win + 1 == length)
        /* win */

    wrongTry -= !right_letter;

    right_letter = 0;

}

我还没有测试过代码，但它应该可以工作。尝试了解我改变了什么以及为什么。

编辑:@Andrew Henle 在评论中提到 OP 没有指定字符集，因此我假设它是 ASCII。