c - 在多线程生产者和消费者应用程序中读取时发生访问冲突

Question

我已经制作了一个多线程生产者/消费者应用程序，我已经为此苦苦挣扎了几天。生产者将斐波那契数放入循环缓冲区中，消费者从缓冲区中取出数字，直到达到指定的限制。

我使用互斥锁(互斥)保护循环缓冲区，这应该可以防止多个线程访问相同的数据。我还设置了一些事件，以防止生产者溢出缓冲区，以及防止消费者在缓冲区为空时访问缓冲区。

虽然我这么说，但我仍然注意到缓冲区在空时被消费者访问。这就是为什么我在消费者线程中添加了一个中断(我不太明白为什么这是必要的)。

我偶尔也会收到“访问冲突读取位置”错误，这是我无法理解的。我注意到，在创建更多线程时，这些情况发生的频率更高，几乎总是如此。我认为这些情况可能会发生，因为消费者试图在不存在的位置读取缓冲区，但我发现情况并非如此。

什么可能导致我的问题？是否有可能多个线程传递 Mutex 上的 WaitForSingleObject？

这是斐波那契.c

#include "Fibonacci.h"

#define MINIMUM 1
#define MAXIMUM 5

HANDLE eBufferNotFull;
HANDLE eBufferNotEmpty;
HANDLE fiboMutex;
HANDLE bufferMutex;

CircularBuffer *buffer;
Fibonumbers numbers;

int main(void) {

    uint8_t amountOfProducers, amountOfConsumers, size;
    ThreadStruct consumerInfo, producerInfo;

    setValue("The amount of producers", &amountOfProducers, MINIMUM, MAXIMUM);
    setValue("The amount of consumers", &amountOfConsumers, MINIMUM, MAXIMUM);
    setValue("The size of the buffer", &size, 1, 80);

    resetFibo(&numbers);
    setValue("The sleeping time for producers", &producerInfo.sleep, 0, 10000);
    setValue("The sleeping time for consumers", &consumerInfo.sleep, 0, 10000);
    setValue("The limit for the fibonumber", &producerInfo.limit, 0, 35000000000000000);

    consumerInfo.limit = producerInfo.limit;

    HANDLE hProducer[MAXIMUM];
    DWORD dwProducer[MAXIMUM];

    HANDLE hConsumer[MAXIMUM];
    DWORD dwConsumer[MAXIMUM];

    buffer = createBuffer(size);

    /* Create the Mutexes */
    fiboMutex = CreateMutex(NULL, FALSE, NULL);
    bufferMutex = CreateMutex(NULL, FALSE, NULL);

    /* Create the Events */
    eBufferNotFull = CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, TRUE, TEXT("buffer_niet_vol"));

    eBufferNotEmpty = CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, TEXT("buffer_niet_leeg"));

    /* Create the producer threads*/
    for (int i = 0; i < amountOfProducers; ++i) {
        hProducer[i] = CreateThread(NULL,                               // No security
            0,                                  // Use default stack size             
            (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)producer,
            &producerInfo,                      // Thread argument
            0,                                  // Child became running
            (LPDWORD)&dwProducer[i]);           // Child id
    }

    /* Create the consumer threads*/
    for (int i = 0; i < amountOfConsumers; ++i) {
        hConsumer[i] = CreateThread(NULL,                               // No security
            0,                                  // Use default stack size             
            (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)consumer,
            &consumerInfo,                      // Thread argument
            0,                                  // Child became running
            (LPDWORD)&dwConsumer[i]);           // Child id
    }

    WaitForMultipleObjects(amountOfProducers, hProducer, true, INFINITE);
    WaitForMultipleObjects(amountOfConsumers, hConsumer, true, INFINITE);

    deleteBuffer(buffer);

    return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

DWORD WINAPI producer(LPVOID lpParameter) {
    ThreadStruct *info = (ThreadStruct *)lpParameter;
    while (true) {
        Sleep(info->sleep);

        WaitForSingleObject(fiboMutex, INFINITE);   // Lock the fibonumber struct
        createNewFibonumber();

        if (numbers.currentFibo > info->limit) {
            ReleaseMutex(fiboMutex);                // Release the fibonumber struct
            ExitThread(EXIT_SUCCESS);
        }

        WaitForSingleObject(eBufferNotFull, INFINITE);

        WaitForSingleObject(bufferMutex, INFINITE);
        putElement(buffer, numbers.currentFibo);
        ReleaseMutex(fiboMutex);                    // Release the fibonumber struct
        ReleaseMutex(bufferMutex);

        SetEvent(eBufferNotEmpty);
    }
}

DWORD WINAPI consumer(LPVOID lpParameter) {
    ThreadStruct *info = (ThreadStruct *)lpParameter;
    while (true) {
        Sleep(info->sleep);

        WaitForSingleObject(eBufferNotEmpty, INFINITE);

        WaitForSingleObject(bufferMutex, INFINITE);
        printf("                            fibogetal: %i \n", getElement(buffer));
        ReleaseMutex(bufferMutex);

        SetEvent(eBufferNotFull);
    }
    ExitThread(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

void createNewFibonumber() {
    uint64_t i = numbers.currentFibo;
    numbers.currentFibo += numbers.lastFibo;
    numbers.lastFibo = i;
}

void resetFibo(Fibonumbers *numbers) {
    numbers->lastFibo = 0;
    numbers->currentFibo = 1;
}

void setValue(char *text, void *intpointer, uint64_t minimum, uint64_t maximum) {
    printf("%s\n", text);
    do {
        *(uint64_t *)intpointer = 0;
        printf("Enter a value from %lli up to %lli : ", minimum, maximum);
        scanf_s("%lli", intpointer);
    } while (*(uint64_t *)intpointer < minimum || *(uint64_t *)intpointer > maximum);
}

斐波那契.h

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <Windows.h>
#include "Buffer.h"

typedef struct {
    uint64_t currentFibo;
    uint64_t lastFibo;
} Fibonumbers;

typedef struct {
    uint64_t limit;
    uint16_t sleep;
} ThreadStruct;

/*
*
*/
DWORD WINAPI producer(LPVOID lpParameter);

/*
*
*/
DWORD WINAPI consumer(LPVOID lpParameter);

/*
*
*/
void createNewFibonumber();

/*
*
*/
void resetFibo(Fibonumbers *numbers);

/*
*
*/
void setValue(char *text, void *intpointer, uint64_t minimum, uint64_t maximum);

和Buffer.c

#include "Buffer.h"

CircularBuffer *createBuffer(uint8_t size) {
    CircularBuffer *buffer = (CircularBuffer *)calloc(1, sizeof(CircularBuffer));
    buffer->size = size;
    buffer->count = 0;
    buffer->start = 0;
    buffer->end = 0;
    buffer->buffer = (uint64_t *)calloc(buffer->size, sizeof(uint64_t));

    return buffer;
}

void deleteBuffer(CircularBuffer *buffer) {
    if (buffer) {
        free(buffer->buffer);
        free(buffer);
    }
}

void putElement(CircularBuffer *buffer, uint64_t element) {
    buffer->count++;
    buffer->buffer[buffer->start] = element;
    buffer->start++;

    if (buffer->start == buffer->size) {
        buffer->start = 0;
    }

    printf("put: %i items in buffer.\n", buffer->count);
}

uint64_t getElement(CircularBuffer *buffer) {
    buffer->count--;
    uint64_t value = buffer->buffer[buffer->end];
    buffer->end++;

    if (buffer->end == buffer->size) {
        buffer->end = 0;
    }

    printf("                            get: %i items in buffer.\n", buffer->count);

    return value;
}

bool isBufferFull(CircularBuffer *buffer) {
    return (buffer->count == buffer->size);
}

bool isBufferEmpty(CircularBuffer *buffer) {
    return (buffer->count == 0);
}

缓冲区.h

#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

typedef struct {
    uint64_t *buffer;
    uint8_t size;
    uint8_t count;
    uint8_t start;
    uint8_t end;
} CircularBuffer;

CircularBuffer *createBuffer(uint8_t size);

void deleteBuffer(CircularBuffer *buffer);

void putElement(CircularBuffer *buffer, uint64_t element);

uint64_t getElement(CircularBuffer *buffer);

bool isBufferFull(CircularBuffer *buffer);

bool isBufferEmpty(CircularBuffer *buffer);

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编辑:我已经更新了代码，它现在功能齐全。edit2:当我在 Debug模式下构建该程序时，该程序可以工作，但是当在 Release模式下构建时，它似乎无法启动线程。

Answer 1

分配大小错误

我发现这一行非常可疑:

buffer->buffer = (uint64_t *)calloc(buffer->size, sizeof(unsigned int));

如果buffer->buffer是一个uint64_t数组，为什么要使用sizeof(unsigned int)来分配它？我不知道这是否是您的问题，但这至少是应该解决的一件事。