java - 枚举 RPS 实现在初始化程序和非法前向引用中提供自引用

Question

我有以下代码，我相信我明白为什么我会收到错误:

错误是，例如:

• 初始化器中的自引用 RPSGesture.ROCK 中 ROCK 的构造函数。
• 在 RPSGesture.PAPER 的 ROCK 构造函数中存在非法前向引用。

---

public interface Gesture {
    public List<? extends Gesture> winsFrom();

    public List<? extends Gesture> tiesTo();

    public List<? extends Gesture> losesTo();
}

---

public enum RPSGesture implements Gesture, Action {
    ROCK(
        Arrays.asList(RPSGesture.SCISSORS),
        Arrays.asList(RPSGesture.ROCK),
        Arrays.asList(RPSGesture.PAPER)
    ),

    PAPER(
        Arrays.asList(RPSGesture.ROCK),
        Arrays.asList(RPSGesture.PAPER),
        Arrays.asList(RPSGesture.SCISSORS)
    ),

    SCISSORS(
        Arrays.asList(RPSGesture.PAPER),
        Arrays.asList(RPSGesture.SCISSORS),
        Arrays.asList(RPSGesture.ROCK)
    );

    private final List<RPSGesture> winsFrom;
    private final List<RPSGesture> tiesTo;
    private final List<RPSGesture> losesTo;

    private RPSGesture(final List<RPSGesture> winsFrom, final List<RPSGesture> tiesTo, final List<RPSGesture> losesTo) {
        this.winsFrom = winsFrom;
        this.tiesTo = tiesTo;
        this.losesTo = losesTo;
    }

    @Override
    public List<RPSGesture> winsFrom() {
        return winsFrom;
    }

    @Override
    public List<RPSGesture> tiesTo() {
        return tiesTo;
    }

    @Override
    public List<RPSGesture> losesTo() {
        return losesTo;
    }
}

我看过Peter Lawrey's Answer ，但是 static 初始化程序真的是最好的方法吗？还有其他合理的选择吗？

这个枚举的设计看起来是否正确，或者您自己会做不同的设计吗？希望类中的代码更少。

Answer 1

我自己找到了一个合适的方法，使用 Java 8:

public interface Gesture {
    public List<? extends Gesture> winsFrom();

    public List<? extends Gesture> tiesTo();

    public List<? extends Gesture> losesTo();
}

---

public enum RPSGesture implements Gesture, Action, RuleGestureFPSFactory {
    ROCK,
    PAPER,
    SCISSORS;

    @Override
    public List<RPSGesture> winsFrom() {
        return winMapping().get(this);
    }

    @Override
    public List<RPSGesture> tiesTo() {
        return tieMapping().get(this);
    }

    @Override
    public List<RPSGesture> losesTo() {
        return loseMapping().get(this);
    }
}

---

public interface RuleGestureFactory<T extends Gesture> {
    public Map<T, List<T>> winMapping();

    public Map<T, List<T>> tieMapping();

    public Map<T, List<T>> loseMapping();
}

---

public interface RuleGestureFPSFactory extends RuleGestureFactory<RPSGesture> {
    @Override
    default public Map<RPSGesture, List<RPSGesture>> winMapping() {
        Map<RPSGesture, List<RPSGesture>> mapping = new HashMap<>();
        mapping.put(ROCK, Arrays.asList(SCISSORS));
        mapping.put(PAPER, Arrays.asList(ROCK));
        mapping.put(SCISSORS, Arrays.asList(PAPER));
        return mapping;
    }

    @Override
    default public Map<RPSGesture, List<RPSGesture>> tieMapping() {
        Map<RPSGesture, List<RPSGesture>> mapping = new HashMap<>();
        mapping.put(ROCK, Arrays.asList(ROCK));
        mapping.put(PAPER, Arrays.asList(PAPER));
        mapping.put(SCISSORS, Arrays.asList(SCISSORS));
        return mapping;
    }

    @Override
    default public Map<RPSGesture, List<RPSGesture>> loseMapping() {
        Map<RPSGesture, List<RPSGesture>> mapping = new HashMap<>();
        mapping.put(ROCK, Arrays.asList(PAPER));
        mapping.put(PAPER, Arrays.asList(SCISSORS));
        mapping.put(SCISSORS, Arrays.asList(ROCK));
        return mapping;
    }
}

这样您甚至可以轻松地实现不同的规则，但它不支持在运行时切换。