Java - 多次调用自定义 JDialog 处理方法 - 它不打算这样做

Question

我正在编写一个脚本，其中涉及连续弹出 JDialogs 以要求用户捕获屏幕上的信息(例如菜单周围的框等)，以便程序随后自动单击我指定的位置。

我目前遇到的问题是，当我关闭自定义 JDialog 时，dispose 方法似乎被调用了多次，但我不知道为什么。

这是该问题的完整工作示例:

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class Main {

    // Creates the main frame (MainForm extends JFrame)
    private static MainForm mainForm = new MainForm();

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        mainForm.setVisible(true);
    }

    static class BaseDialog extends JDialog {
        BaseDialog() {
            super();
            setModal(true);
        }

        // Overrides and calls (super)dispose method of JDialog - Nothing unusual
        @Override
        public void dispose() {
            Exception e = new Exception();
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("disposing");
            super.dispose();
        }
    }

    static class CaptureDialog extends BaseDialog implements ActionListener {
        CaptureDialog() {
            super();
            JButton btnInventory = new JButton("Close Me");
            btnInventory.addActionListener(this);
            add(btnInventory);
            setTitle("Recapture");
            setModalityType(ModalityType.APPLICATION_MODAL);
            setLocationRelativeTo(null);
            setDefaultCloseOperation(DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
            setResizable(false);
            setSize(200, 80);
            setVisible(true);
        }

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            System.out.println("Clicked the button!");
            dispose();
        }
    }

    static class MainForm extends JFrame implements ActionListener {
        MainForm() {
            super("Example");
            JButton btnCapture = new JButton();
            btnCapture.setText("Capture");
            btnCapture.addActionListener(this);
            add(btnCapture);
            setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
            setLocationRelativeTo(null);
            setSize(200, 80);
        }

        // Only one button is added to action listener ('if' not necessary)
        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
            new CaptureDialog();
        }
    }
}

如果我运行应用程序然后打开和关闭/处理对话框，问题就很明显了。通过将 Exception e 放置在 BaseDialog 的“dispose”方法下，我在通过窗口的“X”按钮(省略内部调用)关闭时得到以下输出:

java.lang.Exception
    at Main$BaseDialog.dispose(Main.java:24)
    at javax.swing.JDialog.processWindowEvent(JDialog.java:691)
    at java.awt.Window.processEvent(Window.java:2017)
    at java.awt.WaitDispatchSupport$2.run(WaitDispatchSupport.java:184)
    at java.awt.WaitDispatchSupport$4.run(WaitDispatchSupport.java:229)
    at java.awt.WaitDispatchSupport$4.run(WaitDispatchSupport.java:227)
    at java.awt.WaitDispatchSupport.enter(WaitDispatchSupport.java:227)
    at java.awt.Dialog.show(Dialog.java:1084)
    at java.awt.Component.show(Component.java:1673)
    at java.awt.Component.setVisible(Component.java:1625)
    at java.awt.Window.setVisible(Window.java:1014)
    at java.awt.Dialog.setVisible(Dialog.java:1005)
    at Main$CaptureDialog.<init>(Main.java:46)
    at Main$MainForm.actionPerformed(Main.java:71)
    at javax.swing.plaf.basic.BasicButtonListener.mouseReleased(BasicButtonListener.java:252)
disposing
disposing
java.lang.Exception
    at Main$BaseDialog.dispose(Main.java:24)
    at java.awt.Window.disposeImpl(Window.java:1161)
    at java.awt.Window$1DisposeAction.run(Window.java:1189)
    at java.awt.Window.doDispose(Window.java:1210)
    at java.awt.Window.dispose(Window.java:1151)
    at javax.swing.SwingUtilities$SharedOwnerFrame.dispose(SwingUtilities.java:1814)
    at javax.swing.SwingUtilities$SharedOwnerFrame.windowClosed(SwingUtilities.java:1792)
    at java.awt.Window.processWindowEvent(Window.java:2061)
    at javax.swing.JDialog.processWindowEvent(JDialog.java:683)
    at java.awt.Window.processEvent(Window.java:2017)

另请注意，如果您运行应用程序并反复“打开 - 关闭”对话框，则该方法调用递增 1(如果您在覆盖的“dispose”方法下注释掉关于异常堆栈跟踪打印的前两行，则效果最好并观察输出)。

如果您想使用/查看，这里有一个精简版，首先感谢您!

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MainForm();
    }

    static class BaseDialog extends JDialog {
        BaseDialog() {
            super();
            setDefaultCloseOperation(DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
            setVisible(true);
        }

        @Override
        public void dispose() {
            new Exception().printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("disposing");
            super.dispose();
        }
    }

    static class MainForm extends JFrame implements ActionListener {
        MainForm() {
            super();
            JButton btnCapture = new JButton();
            btnCapture.setText("Capture");
            btnCapture.addActionListener(this);
            add(btnCapture);
            setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
            setSize(200, 80);
            setVisible(true);
        }

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
            new BaseDialog();
        }
    }
}

可能有用的信息:

1. 省略“super.dispose()”会导致“dispose”仅被调用一次 - 应用程序代码不应成为问题。
2. 如果我扩展 JFrame 而不是 JDialog(关于 BaseDialog 类)，则会正确调用 dispose 方法(使用 super.dispose())。
3. 有点无关紧要，但“hack”是在 BaseDialog 类下创建一个私有(private)字段:

-> private boolean disposed = false;

然后在调用dispose方法时进行检查:

@Override
public void dispose() {
    if (!disposed) {
        disposed = true;
        super.dispose();
    }
}

虽然它可能会解决问题，但它远非一个好的答案，而且由于核心未正确修复， future 很容易出现问题。

Answer 1

父窗口持有对对话框的引用，并在对话框本身被处置时重新处置该对话框。

您的问题是您没有为对话框分配父窗口，因此由于某种原因，当对话框被处置时，它会重新处置先前创建的所有对话框引用，就好像基类持有对子项的引用一样 window 。您可以通过将父窗口传递给对话框的 super 构造函数来解决这个问题，如下所示:

import javax.swing.*;

import java.awt.Window;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class Main {

    // Creates the main frame (MainForm extends JFrame)
    private static MainForm mainForm = new MainForm();

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        mainForm.setVisible(true);
    }

    static class BaseDialog extends JDialog {
        BaseDialog(Window win) {
            super(win);
            setModal(true);
        }

        // Overrides and calls (super)dispose method of JDialog - Nothing
        // unusual
        @Override
        public void dispose() {
            Exception e = new Exception();
            // e.printStackTrace();
            String text = String.format("Disposing. This hashCode: %08X", hashCode());
            System.out.println(text);
            super.dispose();
        }
    }

    static class CaptureDialog extends BaseDialog implements ActionListener {
        CaptureDialog(Window win) {
            super(win);
            JButton btnInventory = new JButton("Close Me");
            btnInventory.addActionListener(this);
            add(btnInventory);
            setTitle("Recapture");
            setModalityType(ModalityType.APPLICATION_MODAL);
            setLocationRelativeTo(null);
            setDefaultCloseOperation(DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
            setResizable(false);
            setSize(200, 80);
            setVisible(true);
        }

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            System.out.println("Clicked the button!");
            dispose();
        }
    }

    static class MainForm extends JFrame implements ActionListener {
        MainForm() {
            super("Example");
            JButton btnCapture = new JButton();
            btnCapture.setText("Capture");
            btnCapture.addActionListener(this);
            add(btnCapture);
            setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
            setLocationRelativeTo(null);
            setSize(200, 80);
        }

        // Only one button is added to action listener ('if' not necessary)
        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            new CaptureDialog(MainForm.this);
        }
    }
}

我自己，如果我认为我可能需要它，我会避免重新创建对话框，这样可以防止不必要的引用积累。请参阅下面的代码并注释和取消注释指示的部分以了解我的意思:

import java.awt.Window;
import java.awt.Component;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;

import javax.swing.*;

public class MainSimple extends JPanel {
    private JDialog dialog;

    public MainSimple() {
        add(new JButton(new OpenDialogAction("Open Dialog", KeyEvent.VK_O)));
        add(new JButton(new DisposeAction("Exit", KeyEvent.VK_X)));
    }

    private class OpenDialogAction extends AbstractAction {
        public OpenDialogAction(String name, int mnemonic) {
            super(name);
            putValue(MNEMONIC_KEY, mnemonic);
        }

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            boolean test = true;
            // test = (dialog == null); // ***** comment or uncomment this line *****
            if (test) {
                Window win = SwingUtilities.getWindowAncestor(MainSimple.this);
                dialog = new MyDialog(win);
                dialog.pack();
                dialog.setLocationRelativeTo(win);
            }
            dialog.setVisible(true);            
        }
    }

    private class MyDialog extends JDialog {

        public MyDialog(Window win) {
            super(win, "My Dialog", ModalityType.APPLICATION_MODAL);
            add(new JButton(new DisposeAction("Close", KeyEvent.VK_C)));
            setDefaultCloseOperation(DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
        }

        @Override
        public void dispose() {
            String text = String.format("Disposing. This hashCode: %08X", hashCode());
            System.out.println(text);
            super.dispose();
        }
    }

    private class DisposeAction extends AbstractAction {

        public DisposeAction(String name, int mnemonic) {
            super(name);
            putValue(MNEMONIC_KEY, mnemonic);
        }

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            Component source = (Component) e.getSource();
            Window win = SwingUtilities.getWindowAncestor(source);
            win.dispose();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> createAndShowGui());
    }

    private static void createAndShowGui() {
        MainSimple mainPanel = new MainSimple();
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("Main");
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        frame.add(mainPanel);
        frame.pack();
        frame.setLocationByPlatform(true);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }

}

再次注意，父 JFrame 保留对所有创建的对话框的引用，无论它们是否已被释放，并在关闭时重新释放它们。