java - 如何让我的 java 聊天客户端和服务器从文本字段交换消息

Question

我正在用 Java 使用如下所示的 GUI 编写聊天程序
这个想法是在一台计算机上启动服务器，在另一台(或多台)计算机上启动客户端(我目前只是在同一台计算机上运行两者)。服务器启动后，客户端输入主机号和端口号并点击连接。到目前为止，所有这些都在起作用。连接后，用户或服务器都可以在文本字段中键入并点击发送，消息可以发送到服务器，服务器将消息发送到所有客户端。

我的问题是:如何将文本从客户端发送到服务器，反之亦然？
我无法理解它是如何工作的。服务器处于 while 循环并等待更多连接(所有这些都有效)，所以我不知道它如何接受文本然后将其推回。

这是整个程序，您可以编译它并查看我遇到的问题:

import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.lang.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.SocketAddress;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Chat extends Frame implements Runnable, WindowListener, ActionListener, ItemListener
{   

    int port = 44004;
    String host =  "127.0.0.1";
    //GUI objects
    TextField ipAddressField = new TextField();
    TextField portField = new TextField(""+port); 
    TextField hostField = new TextField(host);
    TextField inputBox = new TextField();
    static TextArea conversationBox = new TextArea();
    Button startServerButton = new Button("Start Server");
    Button sendButton = new Button("Send");
    Button changeHost = new Button("Change Host");
    Button changePort = new Button("Change Port");
    Button connectButton = new Button("Connect");
    Button disconnectButton = new Button("Disconnect");
    Label hostLabel = new Label("Host:");
    Label portLabel = new Label("Port:");
    MenuBar mb = new MenuBar();
    Menu colorMenu = new Menu("Color");
    CheckboxMenuItem redItem = new CheckboxMenuItem("Red");
    CheckboxMenuItem blueItem = new CheckboxMenuItem("Blue");
    CheckboxMenuItem orangeItem = new CheckboxMenuItem("Orange");
    CheckboxMenuItem blackItem = new CheckboxMenuItem("Black");

    //runtime variables
    Color color = Color.red;
    volatile boolean kill = false;
    volatile boolean isServer = false;
    volatile boolean isClient = false;
    String connections[];

    //messaging variables
    String message;
    Scanner in;
    PrintWriter out;

    public static void main(String [] args)
    {
        new Chat();
    }

    ServerSocket server;
    Socket s;
    //gui components

    protected Chat()
    {
        double[] colWeight = {1,1,1,1,1,1};
        double[] rowWeight = {5,1,1,1,1};
        int[] colWidth = {1,1,1,1,1,1};
        int[] rowHeight = {5,1,1,1,1};
        GridBagConstraints c = new GridBagConstraints();
        GridBagLayout gbl = new GridBagLayout();
        gbl.rowHeights = rowHeight;
        gbl.columnWidths = colWidth;
        gbl.columnWeights = colWeight;
        gbl.rowWeights = rowWeight;

        setBounds(100,100,400,600);
        setLayout(gbl);

        //add conversation box
        this.conversationBox.setSize(400, 400);
        c.weightx = 1;
        c.weighty = 1;
        c.gridwidth = 5;
        c.gridheight = 5;
        c.fill = 1;
        c.gridx = 0;
        c.gridy = 0;
        gbl.setConstraints(this.conversationBox, c);

        //input text box
        c.weightx = 1;
        c.weighty = 1;
        c.gridwidth = 4;
        c.gridheight = 1;
        c.fill = 1;
        c.gridx = 0;
        c.gridy = 5;
        gbl.setConstraints(this.inputBox, c);

        //send button
        c.weightx = 1;
        c.weighty = 1;
        c.gridwidth = 1;
        c.gridheight = 1;
        c.fill = 1;
        c.gridx = 4;
        c.gridy = 5;
        gbl.setConstraints(this.sendButton, c);

        //host label
        c.weightx = 1;
        c.weighty = 1;
        c.gridwidth = 1;
        c.gridheight = 1;
        c.fill = 1;
        c.gridx = 0;
        c.gridy = 6;
        gbl.setConstraints(this.hostLabel, c);

        //host input
        c.weightx = 1;
        c.weighty = 1;
        c.gridwidth = 2;
        c.gridheight = 1;
        c.fill = 1;
        c.gridx = 1;
        c.gridy = 6;
        gbl.setConstraints(this.hostField, c);

        //change host button
        c.weightx = 1;
        c.weighty = 1;
        c.gridwidth = 1;
        c.gridheight = 1;
        c.fill = 1;
        c.gridx = 3;
        c.gridy = 6;
        gbl.setConstraints(this.changeHost, c);

        //start server button
        c.weightx = 1;
        c.weighty = 1;
        c.gridwidth = 1;
        c.gridheight = 1;
        c.fill = 1;
        c.gridx = 4;
        c.gridy = 6;
        gbl.setConstraints(this.startServerButton, c);

        //row
        //port label
        c.weightx = 1;
        c.weighty = 1;
        c.gridwidth = 1;
        c.gridheight = 1;
        c.fill = 1;
        c.gridx = 0;
        c.gridy = 7;
        gbl.setConstraints(this.portLabel, c);

        //port input
        c.weightx = 1;
        c.weighty = 1;
        c.gridwidth = 2;
        c.gridheight = 1;
        c.fill = 1;
        c.gridx = 1;
        c.gridy = 7;
        gbl.setConstraints(this.portField, c);

        //change port button
        c.weightx = 1;
        c.weighty = 1;
        c.gridwidth = 1;
        c.gridheight = 1;
        c.fill = 1;
        c.gridx = 3;
        c.gridy = 7;
        gbl.setConstraints(this.changePort, c);

        //connect button
        c.weightx = 1;
        c.weighty = 1;
        c.gridwidth = 1;
        c.gridheight = 1;
        c.fill = 1;
        c.gridx = 4;
        c.gridy = 7;
        gbl.setConstraints(this.connectButton, c);

        //disconnect button, shunned in the corner
        c.weightx = 1;
        c.weighty = 1;
        c.gridwidth = 1;
        c.gridheight = 1;
        c.fill = 1;
        c.gridx = 4;
        c.gridy = 8;
        gbl.setConstraints(this.disconnectButton, c);

        mb.add(colorMenu);
        colorMenu.add(redItem);
        colorMenu.add(blueItem);
        colorMenu.add(orangeItem);
        colorMenu.add(blackItem);


        add(this.conversationBox);
        add(this.inputBox);
        add(this.sendButton);
        add(this.hostLabel);
        add(this.hostField);
        add(this.changeHost);
        add(this.startServerButton);
        add(this.portLabel);
        add(this.portField);
        add(this.changePort);
        add(this.connectButton);
        add(this.disconnectButton);

        inputBox.addActionListener(this);
        sendButton.addActionListener(this);
        changeHost.addActionListener(this);
        changePort.addActionListener(this);
        startServerButton.addActionListener(this);
        connectButton.addActionListener(this);
        disconnectButton.addActionListener(this);
        hostField.addActionListener(this);
        portField.addActionListener(this);
        redItem.addItemListener(this);
        blueItem.addItemListener(this);
        orangeItem.addItemListener(this);
        blackItem.addItemListener(this);

        setMenuBar(mb);
        addWindowListener(this);
        setResizable(true);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);

        new Thread(this).start();
    }

    public void run()
    {   
        conversationBox.appendText("Session Start.\n");
        inputBox.requestFocus();

        while (!kill)
        {
            if (isServer)
            {
                conversationBox.appendText("Server starting on port " + port + "\n");
                conversationBox.appendText("Waiting for clients...\n");
                startServer();
            }
            if (isClient)
            {
                conversationBox.appendText("Starting connection to host " + host + " on port " + port + "\n");
                startClient();
            }
        }       

    }

    public void startClient()
    {
        try
        {
            Socket c = new Socket(host, port);
            in = new Scanner(c.getInputStream());
            out = new PrintWriter(c.getOutputStream());
            while (true)
            {
                if (in.hasNext())
                {
                    Chat.conversationBox.appendText("You Said: " + message);
                    out.println("Client Said: " + message);
                    out.flush();
                }
            }
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public void startServer()
    {
        try
        {
            server = new ServerSocket(port);
            while (true)
            {
                s = server.accept();
                conversationBox.appendText("Client connected from " + s.getLocalAddress().getHostName() + "\n");    
            }
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            conversationBox.appendText("An error occurred.\n");
            e.printStackTrace();
            isServer = false;
            reEnableAll();
        }

    }

    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) throws NumberFormatException
    {
        Object o = e.getSource();

        if (o == sendButton || o == inputBox)
        {
            if(inputBox.getText() != "")
            {
                out.println(inputBox.getText());
                inputBox.setText("");
            }
        }
        if (o == changeHost || o == hostField)
        {
            if (hostField.getText() != "" && hostField.getText() != host)
            {
                host = hostField.getText();
                conversationBox.appendText("Host changed to " + host + "\n");
            }
        }
        if (o == changePort || o == portField)
        {
            if (portField.getText() != "" && Integer.valueOf(portField.getText()) != port)
            {
                try
                {
                    port = Integer.valueOf(portField.getText());
                    conversationBox.appendText("Port changed to " + port + "\n");
                }
                catch(NumberFormatException up)
                {
                    throw up; //blargh enter a real value
                }
            }
        }
        if (o == startServerButton)
        {
            isServer = true;
            isClient = false;
            startServerButton.enable(false);
            connectButton.enable(false);
            changeHost.enable(false);
            changePort.enable(false);
            hostField.enable(false);
            portField.enable(false);
        }
        if (o == connectButton)
        {
            isServer = false;
            isClient = true;
            startServerButton.enable(false);
        }
        inputBox.requestFocus();
    }

    public void reEnableAll()
    {
        startServerButton.enable(true);
        connectButton.enable(true);
        changeHost.enable(true);
        changePort.enable(true);
        hostField.enable(true);
        portField.enable(true);
    }

    public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e)
    {
        removeWindowListener(this);
        inputBox.removeActionListener(this);
        sendButton.removeActionListener(this);
        changeHost.removeActionListener(this);
        changePort.removeActionListener(this);
        startServerButton.removeActionListener(this);
        connectButton.removeActionListener(this);
        disconnectButton.removeActionListener(this);
        dispose();
        System.exit(0);
    }
    public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e){}
    public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e){}
    public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e){}
    public void windowDeactivated(WindowEvent e){}
    public void windowIconified(WindowEvent e){}
    public void windowDeiconified(WindowEvent e){}

    public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent e)
    {
        Object o = e.getSource();
        if (o == redItem)
        {
            redItem.setState(true);
            blueItem.setState(false);
            orangeItem.setState(false);
            blackItem.setState(false);
            color = Color.red;
        }

        if (o == blueItem)
        {
            redItem.setState(false);
            blueItem.setState(true);
            orangeItem.setState(false);
            blackItem.setState(false);
            color = Color.red;          
        }

        if (o == orangeItem)
        {
            redItem.setState(false);
            blueItem.setState(false);
            orangeItem.setState(true);
            blackItem.setState(false);
            color = Color.red;          
        }

        if (o == blackItem)
        {
            redItem.setState(false);
            blueItem.setState(false);
            orangeItem.setState(false);
            blackItem.setState(true);
            color = Color.red;          
        }
    }
}

Answer 1

我测试了你的代码，我发现在你的 startServer() 函数中，你没有创建 OutputStream 和 InputStream

像这样修改您的startClient 函数:(创建两个全局变量:BufferedWriter bw 和BufferedReader br，因为我们需要它在您的actionPerformed 函数)

BufferedWriter bw = null;
BufferedReader br = null;
public void startClient()
{
    try
    {
        Socket c = new Socket(host, port);

        bw = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(c.getOutputStream()));
        br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(c.getInputStream()));

        char buffer[] = new char[1024];
        while (br.read(buffer) > 0)
        {
            Chat.conversationBox.appendText("You Said: " + new String(buffer));
        }
    }
    catch (Exception e)
    {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

像这样修改您的 startServer 函数:

public void startServer()
{
    try
    {
        server = new ServerSocket(port);
        while (true)
        {

            s = server.accept();

            s.getInputStream();

            conversationBox.appendText("Client connected from " + s.getLocalAddress().getHostName() + "\n");

            BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream()));
            BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(s.getOutputStream()));

            char buffer[] = new char[1024];
            conversationBox.appendText("Reading....");
            while(br.read(buffer) > 0)
            {
                conversationBox.appendText("Client Say : " + new String(buffer));
                bw.write(buffer);
                bw.flush();
            }
            conversationBox.appendText("Reading Done....");
        }
    }
    catch (Exception e)
    {
        conversationBox.appendText("An error occurred.\n");
        e.printStackTrace();
        isServer = false;
        reEnableAll();
    }
}

并且在您的actionPerformed 函数中，请修改以下代码:

    if (o == sendButton || o == inputBox)
    {
        if (inputBox == null)
        {
            System.out.println("NULL");
        }

        if(inputBox.getText() != "")
        {
            //out.println(inputBox.getText());
            //out.flush();

            try
            {
                bw.write(inputBox.getText());
                bw.flush();
            } catch (IOException e1) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e1.printStackTrace();
            }

            inputBox.setText("");
        }
    }