Javascript 添加/删除动画类，只动画一次

Question

尝试构建一个时间选择器，它应该为输入的变化设置动画。我想我会通过在 CSS 中添加和删除动画类来做到这一点。问题是，它只在第一次起作用。

我尝试设置一个间隔开始，在一定时间后删除类，略高于动画持续时间，但每次点击都会减少动画的动画时间，第三次或第四次点击，它不再动画。

然后我只是选择检查该类是否存在，首先删除它，然后添加它。以确保它每次都从头开始。但现在它只在第一次动画。

Codepen

HTML:

    <div id="wrapper">
      <div id="uphour"></div>
      <div id="upminute"></div>
      <div id="upampm"></div>
      <div class="animated">
        <div id="hour" data-hour="1">2</div>
      </div>
      <div class="animated">
        <div id="minute" data-minute="1">50</div>
      </div>
      <div class="animated">
        <div id="ampm" data-minute="AM">AM</div>
      </div>
      <div id="downhour"></div>
      <div id="downminute"></div>
      <div id="downampm"></div>
      </div>

(这里的数据属性暂时没有使用)

SCSS:

    $finger: 2cm;
    $smallfinger: .3cm;

    #wrapper {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: $finger $finger $finger;
      grid-template-rows: $finger $finger $finger;
      grid-column-gap: $smallfinger;
      grid-row-gap: $smallfinger;
      position:absolute;
      width: 100vw;
      background: #FF00FF;
      height: calc( (#{$finger} * 3) + (#{$smallfinger} * 4) );
      box-sizing: border-box;
      bottom:$finger;
      left:0;
      padding:0;
      margin:0;
      align-content: center;
      justify-content: center;
      }

    #uphour,
    #upminute,
    #upampm,
    #downhour,
    #downminute,
    #downampm {
      display: flex;
      background: rgba(255,0,0,.4);
      width: $finger;
      height: $finger;
      margin-left: 1vw;
      margin-right: 1vw;
      border: 1px solid black;
    }

    .animated {
      display: flex;
      width: $finger;
      height: $finger;
      margin-left: 1vw;
      margin-right: 1vw;
      border: 1px solid black;
      overflow:hidden;
    }


    #minute, #hour, #ampm {
      display: flex;
      /*background: rgba(255,0,0,.4); for testing of animation only*/
      width: $finger;
      height: $finger;
      border: 0;
      position: relative;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      font-size: .8cm;
    }

    .animateStart {
      -webkit-animation-name: downandout; /* Safari 4.0 - 8.0 */
      animation-name: downandout;
      -webkit-animation-duration: 250ms; /* Safari 4.0 - 8.0 */
      animation-duration: 250ms;
      /*-webkit-animation-iteration-count: infinite;
      animation-iteration-count: infinite;*/
      transition-timing-function: cubic-bezier(1,0,0,1);
    }

    /* Safari 4.0 - 8.0 */
    @-webkit-keyframes downandout {
      0%   {top: 0; left: 0;}
      10%  {top: 100%; left:0;}
      50%  {top: 100%; left: 100%;}
      90% {top: -100%; left:100%;}
    }

    /* Standard syntax */
    @keyframes downandout {
      0%   {top: 0; left: 0;}
      40%  {top: 100%; left:0;}
      42%  {top: 100%; left: calc(#{$finger} * 2);}
      48% {top: -110%; left: calc(#{$finger} * 2);}
      50% {top: -110%; left:0;}
      100% {top: 0; left:0;}
    }

Javascript:

    var uphourEl = document.getElementById("uphour");
    var downhourEl = document.getElementById("downhour");
    var upminuteEl = document.getElementById("upminute");
    var downminuteEl = document.getElementById("downminute");
    var upampmEl = document.getElementById("upampm");
    var downampmEl = document.getElementById("downampm");

    uphourEl.addEventListener("click", increaseHour);
    downhourEl.addEventListener("click", decreaseHour);
    upminuteEl.addEventListener("click", increaseMinute);
    downminuteEl.addEventListener("click", decreaseMinute);
    upampmEl.addEventListener("click", swapAMPM);
    downampmEl.addEventListener("click", swapAMPM);

    var hourEl = document.getElementById("hour"); 
    var minuteEl = document.getElementById("minute"); 
    var ampmEl = document.getElementById("ampm"); 

    function increaseHour() {
      let value = hourEl.innerHTML;
      if (value > 11) {
          value = 1
      } else  {
        value++;
      }
      hourEl.innerHTML = value;
      console.log(value);
    }

    function decreaseHour() {
      let value = hourEl.innerHTML;
      if (value < 2) {
          value = 12
      } else  {
        value--;
      }
      hourEl.innerHTML = value;
      console.log(value);
    }

    function increaseMinute() {
      let value = minuteEl.innerHTML;
      if (value > 58) {
          value = 0
      } else  {
        value++;
      }
      minuteEl.innerHTML = value;
      console.log(value);
    }

    function decreaseMinute() {
      let value = minuteEl.innerHTML;
      if (value < 1) {
          value = 59
      } else  {
        value--;
      }
      minuteEl.innerHTML = value;
      console.log(value);
    }

    function swapAMPM() {
      let value = ampmEl.innerHTML;
      if (ampmEl.hasAttribute("class")) {
        ampmEl.removeAttribute("class");
      }
      ampmEl.setAttribute("class", "animateStart");
      if (value === "AM") {
          value = "PM";
          ampmEl.innerHTML = value;
          console.log("Changed from AM");
      } else  {
        value = "AM";
        ampmEl.innerHTML = value;
        console.log("Changed from PM");
      }
    }

..它是 swapAMPM 函数(在 Javascript 的末尾)，我目前无法按预期运行。

关于我为什么会遇到这种行为的任何建议？我缺少一些最佳实践吗？

Answer 1

您可以使用动画迭代事件监听器来检测动画何时结束，并正确删除您的类。为此，必须将动画迭代设置为无限。在我的更改中，我还利用元素的 classList 属性从元素中添加/删除类。

注意:如果没有至少 1 次迭代，动画迭代事件将永远不会触发，因此代码将无法运行!

编辑:浏览器对 classList 的支持是相当新的，因此如果您需要支持旧版浏览器，您可以回退到不同的解决方案，或添加 classList polyfill

首先，我们需要一个函数来检测浏览器支持哪个动画迭代事件:

function whichAnimationEvent(){
  var el = document.createElement("fakeelement");

  var animations = {
    "animation"      : "animationiteration",
    "OAnimation"     : "oAnimationIteration",
    "MozAnimation"   : "animationiteration",
    "WebkitAnimation": "webkitAnimationIteration"
  };

  for (let t in animations){
    if (el.style[t] !== undefined){
      return animations[t];
    }
  }
}

接下来，我们需要为该事件添加一个事件监听器，当迭代触发时，我们从元素的 classList 中删除该类，如下所示:

ampmEl.addEventListener(whichAnimationEvent(),function(){
  console.log('ampmEl event listener fired')
  ampmEl.classList.remove('animateStart');
});

接下来，我们更改swapAMPM函数，使用元素classList的add方法在执行之前添加类交换，使其具有动画效果。

function swapAMPM() {
  let value = ampmEl.innerHTML;
  ampmEl.classList.add('animateStart');
  if (value === "AM") {
      value = "PM";
      ampmEl.innerHTML = value;
      console.log("Changed from AM");
  } else  {
    value = "AM";
    ampmEl.innerHTML = value;
    console.log("Changed from PM");
  }
}

最后，我们需要更新 css 以具有无限 动画迭代，这样我们的事件就会触发。

.animateStart {
  -webkit-animation-name: downandout; /* Safari 4.0 - 8.0 */
  animation-name: downandout;
  -webkit-animation-duration: 250ms; /* Safari 4.0 - 8.0 */
  animation-duration: 250ms;
  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: infinite;
  animation-iteration-count: infinite;
  transition-timing-function: cubic-bezier(1,0,0,1);
}

完整的工作示例

codepen