java - 序列化多态对象列表时未设置类型 ID 字段

Question

考虑我编写的这段代码，以玩转 Jackson 对多态序列化/反序列化的支持 ( http://wiki.fasterxml.com/JacksonPolymorphicDeserialization ) -

public class Main {

    @JsonTypeInfo(
        use=JsonTypeInfo.Id.NAME,
        include=JsonTypeInfo.As.PROPERTY,
        property="type")
    @JsonSubTypes({
        @JsonSubTypes.Type(name = "dog", value = Dog.class),
        @JsonSubTypes.Type(name = "cat", value = Cat.class)
    })
    public abstract static class Animal {
        public String name;
    }

    public static class Dog extends Animal {
        public int barkLevel;
    }

    public static class Cat extends Animal {
        public int meowLevel;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        String marshalled = "" +
            "[\n" +
            "    {\n" +
            "       \"name\"      : \"cookie\",\n" +
            "       \"type\"      : \"dog\",\n" +
            "       \"barkLevel\" : 5\n" +
            "    },\n" +
            "    {\n" +
            "       \"name\"      : \"misty\",\n" +
            "       \"type\"      : \"cat\",\n" +
            "       \"meowLevel\" : 3\n" +
            "    }\n" +
            "]\n";

        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        mapper.enable(SerializationFeature.INDENT_OUTPUT);

        List<Animal> unmarshalledList = mapper.readValue(
            marshalled,
            new TypeReference<List<Animal>>() {}
        );

        Animal[] unmarshalledArray = mapper.readValue(
            marshalled,
            new TypeReference<Animal[]>() {}
        );

        for (Animal animal : unmarshalledList) {
            System.out.println(animal.getClass().getSimpleName());
        }
        System.out.println(
            mapper.writeValueAsString(
                unmarshalledList
            ) + "\n"
        );

        for (Animal animal : unmarshalledArray) {
            System.out.println(animal.getClass().getSimpleName());
        }
        System.out.println(
            mapper.writeValueAsString(
                unmarshalledArray
            )
        );
    }
}

它产生以下输出 -

Dog
Cat
[ {
  "name" : "cookie",
  "barkLevel" : 5
}, {
  "name" : "misty",
  "meowLevel" : 3
} ]

Dog
Cat
[ {
  "type" : "dog",
  "name" : "cookie",
  "barkLevel" : 5
}, {
  "type" : "cat",
  "name" : "misty",
  "meowLevel" : 3
} ]

我的问题是 - 当我序列化 List 时，生成的 json 中不包含任何类型字段。但是，如果我改用 Animal[]，则生成的 json 中会包含一个类型字段。在这两种情况下，反序列化工作正常，即。使用了正确的子类。有人可以解释这种行为的原因吗？

Answer 1

要使用多态序列化序列化通用集合，您需要执行以下操作:

mapper.writerFor(new TypeReference<List<Animal>>() {}).writeValueAsString(unmarshalledList));

参见 this GitHub issue有关为什么需要这样做的更多详细信息。