java - Web 驱动程序的依赖问题 - 无法从最终类继承

Question

我试图在我的 Maven Java 项目中运行各种 Web 驱动程序(ChromeDriver 和 HtmlUnitDriver)，但遇到了错误，我怀疑这些错误是 Maven 依赖性问题。我想看看是否有人可以帮助我找出错误的根源？

以下是错误消息:

(对于 ChromeDriver)

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalStateException: The path to the driver executable must be set by the webdriver.chrome.driver system property; for more information, see http://code.google.com/p/selenium/wiki/ChromeDriver. The latest version can be downloaded from http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/index.html
at com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkState(Preconditions.java:197)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverService.findExecutable(DriverService.java:105)
at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriverService.createDefaultService(ChromeDriverService.java:89)
at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.<init>(ChromeDriver.java:117)
...etc...

(对于 HTMLUnitDriver)

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.VerifyError: Cannot inherit from final class
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:760)
at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:142)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(URLClassLoader.java:467)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.access$100(URLClassLoader.java:73)
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:368)
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:362)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:361)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:331)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357)
at com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.HttpWebConnection.createHttpClient(HttpWebConnection.java:542)
at com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.HttpWebConnection.getHttpClient(HttpWebConnection.java:506)
at com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.HttpWebConnection.getResponse(HttpWebConnection.java:150)
at com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClient.loadWebResponseFromWebConnection(WebClient.java:1281)
at com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClient.loadWebResponse(WebClient.java:1198)
at com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClient.getPage(WebClient.java:307)
at com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClient.getPage(WebClient.java:376)
at org.openqa.selenium.htmlunit.HtmlUnitDriver.get(HtmlUnitDriver.java:474)
at org.openqa.selenium.htmlunit.HtmlUnitDriver.get(HtmlUnitDriver.java:463)
...etc...

我已经检查了我的 pom.xml 文件(相关部分如下)，但我仍然不确定问题出在哪里。

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.ret</groupId>
<artifactId>inventory</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
<name>inventory</name>
<description>Core inventory modules to support plugins and batch reports.</description>
<properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<repositories>
    <repository>
        <id>ret</id>
        <url>https://dev2.ret.com/snapshots</url>
    </repository>
    <repository>
        <id>sonatype</id>
        <url>http://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/releases/</url>
    </repository>
</repositories>
<distributionManagement>
    <snapshotRepository>
        <id>maven3-snapshot-repository</id>
        <name>Maven3 Snapshot Repository</name>
        <url>scp://dev.ret.com/snapshots/</url>
        <uniqueVersion>false</uniqueVersion>
    </snapshotRepository>
</distributionManagement>
<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.ret</groupId>
        <artifactId>common</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <exclusions>
            <exclusion>  <!-- declare the exclusion here -->
                <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
                <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
        <artifactId>selenium-htmlunit-driver</artifactId>
        <version>2.37.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
        <artifactId>selenium-chrome-driver</artifactId>
        <version>2.37.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.ret</groupId>
        <artifactId>crawl</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.ret</groupId>
        <artifactId>plugin</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>postgresql</groupId>
        <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
        <version>9.1-901.jdbc4</version>
        <type>jar</type>
        <optional>false</optional>
    </dependency>


</dependencies>
<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <configuration>
                <source>1.7</source>
                <target>1.7</target>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <phase>package</phase>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>shade</goal>
                    </goals>
                    <configuration>
                        <artifactSet>
                            <excludes>
                                <exclude>junit:junit</exclude>
                                <exclude>org.apache.maven:lib:tests</exclude>
                                <exclude>crawl*:jar</exclude>
                            </excludes>
                        </artifactSet>
                    </configuration>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
    <extensions>
        <extension>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.wagon</groupId>
            <artifactId>wagon-ssh</artifactId>
            <version>1.0</version>
        </extension>
    </extensions>
</build>

这是我运行网络驱动程序的测试类。

 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
 import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
 import org.openqa.selenium.htmlunit.HtmlUnitDriver;

 public class TestClass {

     public static void main(String[] args){

         WebDriver driver = new HtmlUnitDriver();
         driver.get("http://www.google.com");

         System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",  "/Users/tank/Documents/workspace/chromedriver");
         WebDriver webDriver = new ChromeDriver();
         webDriver.get("http://www.google.com");

     }
}

任何形式的有关可能的错误来源的帮助/反馈将不胜感激:)谢谢!

Answer 1

1. 对于 ChromeDriver，您必须按照提示安装另一个可执行文件 here ，最简单的方法就是 download并将其添加到您的 PATH 中。
2. 对于 HtmlUnitDriver，您混合了 selenium-htmlunit-driver、selenium-chrome-driver 和 selenium-java 的版本，所有它们应该完全匹配，这样就不会有相互冲突的依赖关系。此外，您不应显式添加 commons-httpclient，因为它可能与已定义的依赖项发生冲突。
   
   在您的情况下，我只依赖 selenium-chrome-driver 和 selenium-htmlunit-driver，没有其他任何东西。