java - 即时更新 LookAndFeel 值

Question

我希望能够即时更新我的​​ Swing GUI 的 LookAndFeel 属性。在这种情况下，我有一个简单的 Swing/Awt 游戏，它运行最初作为 Nimbus LookAndFeel 的游戏。在启动后的不同时间点，我只想更改(比方说)一个细节:我的应用程序的背景颜色。

我可以通过这样做来改变背景颜色:

for (UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo info : UIManager.getInstalledLookAndFeels()) {
    if ("Nimbus".equals(info.getName())) {
        UIManager.setLookAndFeel(info.getClassName());
        UIManager.getLookAndFeelDefaults().put("Panel.background", Color.RED);
        SwingUtilities.updateComponentTreeUI(SomeGame.this);
        break;
    }
}

这个“有效”是因为应用程序的背景颜色会正确更改并且程序不会崩溃。但是在命令行上我得到错误:

Exception in thread "AWT-EventQueue-0" java.lang.NullPointerException
    at javax.swing.plaf.synth.SynthLookAndFeel.paintRegion(SynthLookAndFeel.java:371)
    at javax.swing.plaf.synth.SynthLookAndFeel.update(SynthLookAndFeel.java:335)

显然，有些东西是空的，但我不知道它是什么或如何修复它。一定有什么我不明白的地方。我查看了有关 setting background colors in Nimbus 的其他 StackOverflow 问题和 overriding the LookAndFeel information after startup .

• 当我调用 getLookAndFeelDefaults() 时，我是否还需要指定其余的默认值？
• Java 1.6 和 1.7 之间的工作方式是否有变化？

Answer 1

• Java6 的所有代码，必须更改 Java7 的 Nimbus 导入

• Nimbus 有一些惊喜，其中之一是可以(没有肮脏的 hacks，我正在为那些 hacks 留下评论)改变 Background JPanel 仅一次

import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.AlphaComposite;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;

public class ButtonTest {

    private JFrame frame;
    private JPanel panel;
    private JButton opaqueButton1;
    private JButton opaqueButton2;
    private SoftJButton softButton1;
    private SoftJButton softButton2;
    private Timer alphaChanger;

    public void createAndShowGUI() {
        opaqueButton1 = new JButton("Opaque Button");
        opaqueButton2 = new JButton("Opaque Button");
        softButton1 = new SoftJButton("Transparent Button");
        softButton2 = new SoftJButton("Transparent Button");
        opaqueButton1.setBackground(Color.GREEN);
        softButton1.setBackground(Color.GREEN);
        panel = new JPanel();
        panel.setLayout(new java.awt.GridLayout(2, 2, 10, 10));
        panel.add(opaqueButton1);
        panel.add(softButton1);
        panel.add(opaqueButton2);
        panel.add(softButton2);
        panel.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(10, 10, 10, 10));
        frame = new JFrame();
        frame.add(panel);
        frame.setLocation(150, 100);
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);
        alphaChanger = new Timer(50, new ActionListener() {

            private float incrementer = -.03f;

            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                float newAlpha = softButton1.getAlpha() + incrementer;
                if (newAlpha < 0) {
                    newAlpha = 0;
                    incrementer = -incrementer;
                } else if (newAlpha > 1f) {
                    newAlpha = 1f;
                    incrementer = -incrementer;
                }
                softButton1.setAlpha(newAlpha);
                softButton2.setAlpha(newAlpha);
            }
        });
        alphaChanger.start();
        Timer uiChanger = new Timer(3500, new ActionListener() {

            private final LookAndFeelInfo[] laf = UIManager.getInstalledLookAndFeels();
            private int index = 1;

            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                try {
                    UIManager.setLookAndFeel(laf[index].getClassName());
                    if (laf[index].getClassName().equals("com.sun.java.swing.plaf.nimbus.NimbusLookAndFeel")) {
                        UIManager.getLookAndFeelDefaults().put("Panel.background", Color.orange);
                        SwingUtilities.updateComponentTreeUI(frame);
                    } else {
                        panel.setBackground(Color.yellow);
                        SwingUtilities.updateComponentTreeUI(frame);
                    }
                    opaqueButton1.setText(laf[index].getClassName());
                    softButton1.setText(laf[index].getClassName());
                    frame.pack();
                } catch (Exception exc) {
                    exc.printStackTrace();
                }
                index = (index + 1) % laf.length;
            }
        });
        uiChanger.start();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {

            @Override
            public void run() {
                new ButtonTest().createAndShowGUI();
            }
        });
    }

    private static class SoftJButton extends JButton {

        private static final JButton lafDeterminer = new JButton();
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
        private boolean rectangularLAF;
        private float alpha = 1f;

        SoftJButton() {
            this(null, null);
        }

        SoftJButton(String text) {
            this(text, null);
        }

        SoftJButton(String text, Icon icon) {
            super(text, icon);
            setOpaque(false);
            setFocusPainted(false);
        }

        public float getAlpha() {
            return alpha;
        }

        public void setAlpha(float alpha) {
            this.alpha = alpha;
            repaint();
        }

        @Override
        public void paintComponent(java.awt.Graphics g) {
            java.awt.Graphics2D g2 = (java.awt.Graphics2D) g;
            g2.setComposite(AlphaComposite.getInstance(AlphaComposite.SRC_OVER, alpha));
            if (rectangularLAF && isBackgroundSet()) {
                Color c = getBackground();
                g2.setColor(c);
                g.fillRect(0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight());
            }
            super.paintComponent(g2);
        }

        @Override
        public void updateUI() {
            super.updateUI();
            lafDeterminer.updateUI();
            rectangularLAF = lafDeterminer.isOpaque();
        }
    }
}

• 但是对于 JComponent 可以改变它的 Color, Font, etc by calling UIManager.getLookAndFeel().uninitialize(); ，但这不适用于容器

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.LookAndFeel;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
import javax.swing.Timer;
import javax.swing.UIDefaults;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import javax.swing.UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo;
import javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException;

public class NimbusTestButtonsBackground extends JFrame {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    private javax.swing.JButton button;

    public NimbusTestButtonsBackground() {
        button = new javax.swing.JButton();
        button.setText("Text");
        add(button);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(javax.swing.WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.pack();
        Timer t = new Timer(1000, new ActionListener() {

            private Random r = new Random();

            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                Color c = new Color(r.nextInt(256), r.nextInt(256), r.nextInt(256));
                try {
                    LookAndFeel lnf = UIManager.getLookAndFeel().getClass().newInstance();
                    UIDefaults uiDefaults = lnf.getDefaults();
                    uiDefaults.put("nimbusBase", c);
                    UIManager.getLookAndFeel().uninitialize();
                    UIManager.setLookAndFeel(lnf);
                } catch (InstantiationException ex) {
                } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
                } catch (UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
                }
                UIDefaults defaults = UIManager.getDefaults();
                defaults.put("Button.background", c);
                SwingUtilities.updateComponentTreeUI(button);
            }
        });
        t.start();
    }

    public static void main(String args[]) {
        try {
            for (LookAndFeelInfo info : UIManager.getInstalledLookAndFeels()) {
                if ("Nimbus".equals(info.getName())) {
                    UIManager.setLookAndFeel(info.getClassName());
                    break;
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return;
        }

        java.awt.EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {

            @Override
            public void run() {
                new NimbusTestButtonsBackground().setVisible(true);
            }
        });
    }
}

• 然后我看到(这种方式最舒适、最简单等)覆盖 JPanel 的 paintComponent 是最好的方式

import java.awt.AlphaComposite;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.GradientPaint;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.awt.Rectangle;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JComponent;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.RepaintManager;
import javax.swing.Timer;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import javax.swing.UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo;

public class ChangePanelBackgroundNimbus {

    private JFrame frame = new JFrame();

    public ChangePanelBackgroundNimbus() {
        GradientPane pane = new GradientPane();
        pane.setLayout(new GridLayout(6, 4, 10, 10));
        for (int i = 1; i <= 24; i++) {
            pane.add(createButton(i));
        }
        pane.setOpaque(false);
        frame.add(pane);
        RepaintManager.setCurrentManager(new RepaintManager() {

            @Override
            public void addDirtyRegion(JComponent c, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
                Container con = c.getParent();
                while (con instanceof JComponent) {
                    if (!con.isVisible()) {
                        return;
                    }
                    if (con instanceof GradientPane) {
                        c = (JComponent) con;
                        x = 0;
                        y = 0;
                        w = con.getWidth();
                        h = con.getHeight();
                    }
                    con = con.getParent();
                }
                super.addDirtyRegion(c, x, y, w, h);
            }
        });
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        frame.setLocationByPlatform(true);
        //frame.setSize(400, 300);
        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }

    private JButton createButton(final int text) {
        JButton button = new JButton(Integer.toString(text));
        return button;
    }

    class GradientPane extends JPanel {

        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
        private final int h = 150;
        private BufferedImage img = null;
        private BufferedImage shadow = new BufferedImage(1, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);

        public GradientPane() {
            paintBackGround(new Color(150, 250, 150));
            Timer t = new Timer(500, new ActionListener() {

                private Random r = new Random();

                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    paintBackGround(new Color(r.nextInt(256), r.nextInt(256), r.nextInt(256)));
                }
            });
            t.start();
        }

        public void paintBackGround(Color g) {
            Graphics2D g2 = shadow.createGraphics();
            g2.setPaint(g);
            g2.fillRect(0, 0, 1, h);
            g2.setComposite(AlphaComposite.DstIn);
            g2.setPaint(new GradientPaint(0, 0, new Color(0, 0, 0, 0f), 0, h, new Color(0.4f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 0.5f)));
            g2.fillRect(0, 0, 1, h);
            g2.dispose();
        }

        @Override
        public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
            if (img == null || img.getWidth() != getWidth() || img.getHeight() != getHeight()) {
                img = new BufferedImage(getWidth(), getHeight(), BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
            }
            Graphics2D g2 = img.createGraphics();
            super.paintComponent(g2);
            Rectangle bounds = this.getVisibleRect();
            g2.scale(bounds.getWidth(), -1);
            g2.drawImage(shadow, bounds.x, -bounds.y - h, null);
            g2.scale(1, -1);
            g2.drawImage(shadow, bounds.x, bounds.y + bounds.height - h, null);
            g2.dispose();
            g.drawImage(img, 0, 0, null);
            repaint();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            for (LookAndFeelInfo info : UIManager.getInstalledLookAndFeels()) {
                if ("Nimbus".equals(info.getName())) {
                    UIManager.setLookAndFeel(info.getClassName());
                    break;
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {

            @Override
            public void run() {
                ChangePanelBackgroundNimbus ml = new ChangePanelBackgroundNimbus();
            }
        });
    }
}