java - chromedriver 在前台运行的 windows jenkins 从设备上失败

Question

有没有什么技巧可以让 Win Jenkins 从机与 chromedriver 兼容？

我的测试从 Maven 存储库中提取 chromedriver 和可移植 chrome，然后执行它们。在我的本地系统上工作正常，并且当我的构建用户在我的构建系统上执行相同操作时。

当 jenkins 执行相同的操作时，即使在前台(不是 svc)运行，它也会失败并出现以下错误。我尝试过传递参数来提高详细程度，但无济于事。

org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: exited normally (Driver info: chromedriver=2.23.409699 (49b0fa931cda1caad0ae15b7d1b68004acd05129),platform=Windows NT 6.1.7601 SP1 x86_64) (WARNING: The server did not provide any stacktrace information) Command duration or timeout: 62.63 seconds Build info: version: '2.41.0', revision: '3192d8a6c4449dc285928ba024779344f5423c58', time: '2014-03-27 11:29:39' System info: host: 'winengbld15', ip: '10.2.2.105', os.name: 'Windows Server 2008 R2', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '6.1', java.version: '1.8.0_40' Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45) at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:422) at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.createThrowable(ErrorHandler.java:193) at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.throwIfResponseFailed(ErrorHandler.java:145) at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:595) at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.startSession(RemoteWebDriver.java:240) at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.startSession(ChromeDriver.java:181) at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.(RemoteWebDriver.java:126) at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.(RemoteWebDriver.java:139) at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.(ChromeDriver.java:160) at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.(ChromeDriver.java:128)

我这样设置 Chrome 驱动程序:

defaultPath = "target/drivers/chromedriver.exe";
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", defaultPath);
ChromeLocator locator = new ChromeLocator();
driver = new ChromeDriver(locator.getCapabilities());

public class ChromeLocator {
  private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(ChromeLocator.class);

  /**
   * Obtain Chrome Configuration with location of binary
   * @return
   * @throws IOException 
   */
  public DesiredCapabilities getCapabilities() throws IOException {
    Map<String, Object> chromeOptions = new HashMap<String, Object>();
    chromeOptions.put("binary", getChromeExecutableLocation().getAbsolutePath());

    DesiredCapabilities capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.chrome();
    capabilities.setCapability(ChromeOptions.CAPABILITY, chromeOptions);

    return capabilities;
  }

  // Windows defaults to unpacked location
  private File getChromeExecutableLocation() throws IOException {

    File chromeExe;

    if (SystemUtils.IS_OS_WINDOWS) {
      chromeExe = new File(System.getProperty("win.google.chrome.bin"));  
      log.info("*** win.google.chrome.bin: " + System.getProperty("win.google.chrome.bin"));
    } else {
      // Use the standard locator option for all other operating systems
      GoogleChromeLocator locator = new GoogleChromeLocator();
      BrowserInstallation installation = locator.findBrowserLocationOrFail();
      chromeExe = new File(installation.launcherFilePath());
    }
    log.info("Chrome Exe: " + chromeExe.getAbsolutePath() + " Is File: " + chromeExe.isFile());
    if (! chromeExe.exists() || ! chromeExe.isFile()) {
      throw new IOException("Cannot locate Chrome Executable.  Expected Location: " + chromeExe.getAbsolutePath());
    }
    return chromeExe;
  }
}

Answer 1

我们遇到了几个问题，关键似乎是 Chrome 的无沙盒选项。下面是一个可以在桌面上运行的解决方案，也可以在前台或通过服务运行的 jenkins 从属服务器上运行。

第一部分:Chrome & Driver 的 Maven 解压

• 下载可移植应用程序 GoogleChrome
• 安装
• 将目录重命名为通用名称 (GoogleChrome)
• zip 目录
• 添加到存储库管理器

• 设置要解压的 maven-dependency-plugin 执行

    <plugin>
  <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
  <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
  <version>2.8</version>
  <executions>
   <execution>
     <id>extract portable google chrome</id>
     <phase>process-test-resources</phase>
     <goals>
       <goal>unpack</goal>
     </goals>
     <configuration>
       <skip>${skipWinChromeUnpack}</skip>
       <markersDirectory>${project.build.directory}/dependency-maven-plugin-markers/googlechrome</markersDirectory>
       <overWriteIfNewer>false</overWriteIfNewer>
       <artifactItems>
         <artifactItem>
            <groupId>com.google.chromium</groupId>
            <artifactId>chromedriver</artifactId>
            <version>${win.chromedriver.version}</version>                
            <classifier>win32</classifier>
            <type>zip</type>
          <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}</outputDirectory>
         </artifactItem>
         <artifactItem>
            <groupId>com.portableapps</groupId>
            <artifactId>googlechrome</artifactId>
            <version>${win.chrome.version}</version>
            <classifier>win64</classifier>
            <type>zip</type>
          <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}</outputDirectory>
         </artifactItem>
       </artifactItems>
     </configuration>
   </execution>         
  

  
  

结果在测试执行时，我们有 target/chromedriver.exe 和 target/GooglePortable/Google...exe 文件可供使用

第二部分:Maven Surefire 配置

我们设置驱动程序和 chrome exe 位置的系统属性以传递给所有单元测试

        <systemPropertyVariables>
          <webdriver.chrome.driver>${project.build.directory}/chromedriver.exe</webdriver.chrome.driver>
          <win.google.chrome.bin>${win.chrome.exe}</win.google.chrome.bin>  
        </systemPropertyVariables>

第三部分:测试代码

我们使用 Chrome 驱动程序服务构建器将详细程度设置为 11，并使用我们最喜欢的功能启动驱动程序

public class ChromeLocator {
    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(ChromeLocator.class);

/**
 * Obtain Chrome Configuration with location of binary
 * @return
 * @throws IOException
 */
public DesiredCapabilities getCapabilities() throws IOException {
    ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions();
    chromeOptions.setBinary(getChromeExecutableLocation().getAbsolutePath());
    chromeOptions.addArguments("no-sandbox");
    DesiredCapabilities capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.chrome();
    capabilities.setCapability(ChromeOptions.CAPABILITY, chromeOptions);


    return capabilities;
}

// Windows defaults to unpacked location
private File getChromeExecutableLocation() throws IOException {

    File chromeExe;

    if (SystemUtils.IS_OS_WINDOWS) {
        chromeExe = new File(System.getProperty("win.google.chrome.bin"));
    } else {
        // Use the standard locator option for all other operating systems
        GoogleChromeLocator locator = new GoogleChromeLocator();
        BrowserInstallation installation = locator.findBrowserLocationOrFail();
        chromeExe = new File(installation.launcherFilePath());
    }
    System.out.println("Chrome Exe: " + chromeExe.getAbsolutePath() + " Is File: " + chromeExe.isFile());
    if (! chromeExe.exists() || ! chromeExe.isFile()) {
        throw new IOException("Cannot locate Chrome Executable.  Expected Location: " + chromeExe.getAbsolutePath());
    }
    return chromeExe;
}

}

public class WebTest

{
static ChromeDriverService service = null;
static WebDriver driver = null;

@BeforeClass
static public void setupOnce() throws IOException {

    // Setup ChromeDriver with Verbosity on - perhaps control via system property - off by default?
    service = new ChromeDriverService.Builder()
            .withVerbose(true)
            .usingAnyFreePort()
            .build();

    service.start();

    // Setup locator to find unpacked Portable chrome exe
    ChromeLocator locator = new ChromeLocator();

    // Use service + capabilities from locator to open driver with settings and chrome bin
    driver = new RemoteWebDriver(service.getUrl(), locator.getCapabilities());
}

@AfterClass
static public void teardownOnce() {
    if (null != service) {
        service.stop();
        service = null;
    }
}
@Test
public void testGoogleSearch() throws InterruptedException, IOException {
    driver.get("http://www.google.com/xhtml");
    assertEquals("Google", driver.getTitle());

    WebElement searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name("q"));
    String searchString = "ChromeDriver";
    searchBox.sendKeys(searchString);
    searchBox.submit();

    String source = driver.getPageSource().toString();
    assertTrue("Expected DOCTYPE in\n" + source,
            source.contains("DOCTYPE"));
    driver.quit();
    service.stop();

}

}