java - 为什么存在 application.properties 时不使用 @PropertySource？

Question

我所处的情况需要将具有某些属性(最终包含 ID 和电子邮件地址列表)的文件映射到 HashMap。在 Spring 中，我发现可以使用 @ConfigurationProperties 和 @PropertySource 将属性文件映射到对象。为了测试这个机制，我创建了一个测试项目，但是当默认的 application.properties 文件存在时，@PropertySource 似乎被忽略了。我想知道这怎么可能以及如何解决它以便它使用指定的属性文件。

应用程序.java

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableConfigurationProperties
public class Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }
}

DemoProperties.java

@Component
@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties("test")
@PropertySource("classpath:test.properties")
public class DemoProperties {
    private String name;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

测试.properties

test.name=myNameGood

application.properties

test.name=myNameBad

ApplicationTests.java

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class ApplicationTests {

    @Autowired
    DemoProperties demoProperties;

    @Test
    public void contextLoads() {
        System.out.println(demoProperties.getName());
    }

}

所以当 application.properties 存在时，此测试打印 myNameBad，但是当我删除或重命名该文件时，输出为 myNameGood(这是需要的)。

Answer 1

来自默认位置(此处 application.properties) 的属性作为类中使用的自定义属性具有更高的优先级。

来自 Spring Boot 文档:

72.3 Change the location of external properties of an application

A nice way to augment and modify this is to add @PropertySource annotations to your application sources. Classes passed to the SpringApplication static convenience methods, and those added using setSources() are inspected to see if they have @PropertySources, and if they do, those properties are added to the Environment early enough to be used in all phases of the ApplicationContext lifecycle. Properties added in this way have lower priority than any added using the default locations (e.g. application.properties), system properties, environment variables or the command line.

这个优先级是有意义的，因为您可以在运行时提供的配置(例如 application.properties)应该始终能够覆盖应用程序中“硬编码”的配置。

---

To test this mechanism, I created a test project,

要测试一个类或一个行为，您应该编写一个单元测试。
您可以使用这些方法之一来覆盖 application.properties 值:

• 将 test.properties 重命名为 application.properties 并将其移动到 src/test/resources 中。

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• 使用 @TestPropertySource .来自 javadoc:

Test property sources have higher precedence than those loaded from the operating system's environment or Java system properties as well as property sources added by the application declaratively via @PropertySource or programmatically