java - 在应用程序启动期间连续 Full GC 的原因可能是什么

Question

在应用程序(部署在 tomcat 上的 Web 应用程序)启动期间连续 Full GC 的原因可能是什么？

JDK 1.6

内存设置
-Xms1024M -Xmx1024M -XX:PermSize=200M -XX:MaxPermSize=512M -XX:+UseParallelOldGC

jmap 输出如下

Heap Configuration:
   MinHeapFreeRatio = 40   
   MaxHeapFreeRatio = 70  
   MaxHeapSize      = 1073741824 (1024.0MB)  
   NewSize          = 2686976 (2.5625MB)  
   MaxNewSize       = 17592186044415 MB  
   OldSize          = 5439488 (5.1875MB)  
   NewRatio         = 2  
   SurvivorRatio    = 8  
   PermSize         = 209715200 (200.0MB)  
   MaxPermSize      = 536870912 (512.0MB)  

0.194: [GC [PSYoungGen: 10489K->720K(305856K)] 10489K->720K(1004928K), 0.0061190 secs] [Times: user=0.01 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs]    
0.200: [Full GC (System) [PSYoungGen: 720K->0K(305856K)] [ParOldGen: 0K->594K(699072K)] 720K->594K(1004928K) [PSPermGen: 6645K->6641K(204800K)], 0.0516540 secs] [Times: user=0.10 sys=0.00, real=0.06 secs]    
6.184: [GC [PSYoungGen: 262208K->14797K(305856K)] 262802K->15392K(1004928K), 0.0354510 secs] [Times: user=0.18 sys=0.04, real=0.03 secs]    
9.549: [GC [PSYoungGen: 277005K->43625K(305856K)] 277600K->60736K(1004928K), 0.0781960 secs] [Times: user=0.56 sys=0.07, real=0.08 secs]  
11.768: [GC [PSYoungGen: 305833K->43645K(305856K)] 322944K->67436K(1004928K), 0.0584750 secs] [Times: user=0.40 sys=0.05, real=0.06 secs]  
15.037: [GC [PSYoungGen: 305853K->43619K(305856K)] 329644K->72932K(1004928K), 0.0688340 secs] [Times: user=0.42 sys=0.01, real=0.07 secs]  
19.372: [GC [PSYoungGen: 273171K->43621K(305856K)] 302483K->76957K(1004928K), 0.0573890 secs] [Times: user=0.41 sys=0.01, real=0.06 secs]  
19.430: [Full GC (System) [PSYoungGen: 43621K->0K(305856K)] [ParOldGen: 33336K->54668K(699072K)] 76957K->54668K(1004928K) [PSPermGen: 36356K->36296K(204800K)], 0.4569500 secs] [Times: user=1.77 sys=0.02, real=0.46 secs]  
19.924: [GC [PSYoungGen: 4280K->128K(305856K)] 58949K->54796K(1004928K), 0.0041070 secs] [Times: user=0.01 sys=0.00, real=0.01 secs]  
19.928: [Full GC (System) [PSYoungGen: 128K->0K(305856K)] [ParOldGen: 54668K->54532K(699072K)] 54796K->54532K(1004928K) [PSPermGen: 36300K->36300K(204800K)], 0.3531480 secs] [Times: user=1.19 sys=0.10, real=0.35 secs]  
20.284: [GC [PSYoungGen: 4280K->64K(305856K)] 58813K->54596K(1004928K), 0.0040580 secs] [Times: user=0.01 sys=0.00, real=0.01 secs]  
20.288: [Full GC (System) [PSYoungGen: 64K->0K(305856K)] [ParOldGen: 54532K->54532K(699072K)] 54596K->54532K(1004928K) [PSPermGen: 36300K->36300K(204800K)], 0.2360580 secs] [Times: user=1.01 sys=0.01, real=0.24 secs]  
20.525: [GC [PSYoungGen: 4280K->96K(305856K)] 58813K->54628K(1004928K), 0.0030960 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs]  
20.528: [Full GC (System) [PSYoungGen: 96K->0K(305856K)] [ParOldGen: 54532K->54533K(699072K)] 54628K->54533K(1004928K) [PSPermGen: 36300K->36300K(204800K)], 0.2311320 secs] [Times: user=0.88 sys=0.00, real=0.23 secs]  
20.760: [GC [PSYoungGen: 4280K->96K(305856K)] 58814K->54629K(1004928K), 0.0034940 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs]  
20.764: [Full GC (System) [PSYoungGen: 96K->0K(305856K)] [ParOldGen: 54533K->54533K(699072K)] 54629K->54533K(1004928K) [PSPermGen: 36300K->36300K(204800K)], 0.2381600 secs] [Times: user=0.85 sys=0.01, real=0.24 secs]  
21.201: [GC [PSYoungGen: 5160K->354K(305856K)] 59694K->54888K(1004928K), 0.0019950 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs]  
21.204: [Full GC (System) [PSYoungGen: 354K->0K(305856K)] [ParOldGen: 54533K->54792K(699072K)] 54888K->54792K(1004928K) [PSPermGen: 36300K->36300K(204800K)], 0.2358570 secs] [Times: user=0.98 sys=0.01, real=0.24 secs]  
21.442: [GC [PSYoungGen: 4280K->64K(305856K)] 59073K->54856K(1004928K), 0.0022190 secs] [Times: user=0.01 sys=0.00, real=0.01 secs]  
21.444: [Full GC (System) [PSYoungGen: 64K->0K(305856K)] [ParOldGen: 54792K->54792K(699072K)] 54856K->54792K(1004928K) [PSPermGen: 36300K->36300K(204800K)], 0.2475970 secs] [Times: user=0.95 sys=0.00, real=0.24 secs]  
21.773: [GC [PSYoungGen: 11200K->741K(305856K)] 65993K->55534K(1004928K), 0.0030230 secs] [Times: user=0.01 sys=0.00, real=0.01 secs]  
21.776: [Full GC (System) [PSYoungGen: 741K->0K(305856K)] [ParOldGen: 54792K->54376K(699072K)] 55534K->54376K(1004928K) [PSPermGen: 36538K->36537K(204800K)], 0.2550630 secs] [Times: user=1.05 sys=0.00, real=0.25 secs]  
22.033: [GC [PSYoungGen: 4280K->96K(305856K)] 58657K->54472K(1004928K), 0.0032130 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.01 secs]  
22.036: [Full GC (System) [PSYoungGen: 96K->0K(305856K)] [ParOldGen: 54376K->54376K(699072K)] 54472K->54376K(1004928K) [PSPermGen: 36537K->36537K(204800K)], 0.2507170 secs] [Times: user=1.01 sys=0.01, real=0.25 secs]  
22.289: [GC [PSYoungGen: 4280K->96K(305856K)] 58657K->54472K(1004928K), 0.0038060 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs]  
22.293: [Full GC (System) [PSYoungGen: 96K->0K(305856K)] [ParOldGen: 54376K->54376K(699072K)] 54472K->54376K(1004928K) [PSPermGen: 36537K->36537K(204800K)], 0.2640250 secs] [Times: user=1.07 sys=0.02, real=0.27 secs]  
22.560: [GC [PSYoungGen: 4280K->128K(305856K)] 58657K->54504K(1004928K), 0.0036890 secs] [Times: user=0.01 sys=0.00, real=0.01 secs]  
22.564: [Full GC (System) [PSYoungGen: 128K->0K(305856K)] [ParOldGen: 54376K->54377K(699072K)] 54504K->54377K(1004928K) [PSPermGen: 36537K->36536K(204800K)], 0.2585560 secs] [Times: user=1.08 sys=0.01, real=0.25 secs]  
22.823: [GC [PSYoungGen: 4533K->96K(305856K)] 58910K->54473K(1004928K), 0.0020840 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.01 secs]  
22.825: [Full GC (System) [PSYoungGen: 96K->0K(305856K)] [ParOldGen: 54377K->54377K(699072K)] 54473K->54377K(1004928K) [PSPermGen: 36536K->36536K(204800K)], 0.2505380 secs] [Times: user=0.99 sys=0.01, real=0.25 secs]  
23.077: [GC [PSYoungGen: 4530K->32K(305856K)] 58908K->54409K(1004928K), 0.0016220 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs]  
23.079: [Full GC (System) [PSYoungGen: 32K->0K(305856K)] [ParOldGen: 54377K->54378K(699072K)] 54409K->54378K(1004928K) [PSPermGen: 36536K->36536K(204800K)], 0.2320970 secs] [Times: user=0.95 sys=0.00, real=0.23 secs]  
24.424: [GC [PSYoungGen: 87133K->800K(305856K)] 141512K->55179K(1004928K), 0.0038230 secs] [Times: user=0.01 sys=0.01, real=0.01 secs]  
24.428: [Full GC (System) [PSYoungGen: 800K->0K(305856K)] [ParOldGen: 54378K->54950K(699072K)] 55179K->54950K(1004928K) [PSPermGen: 37714K->37712K(204800K)], 0.4105190 secs] [Times: user=1.25 sys=0.17, real=0.41 secs]   
24.866: [GC [PSYoungGen: 4280K->256K(305856K)] 59231K->55206K(1004928K), 0.0041370 secs] [Times: user=0.01 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs]   
24.870: [Full GC (System) [PSYoungGen: 256K->0K(305856K)] [ParOldGen: 54950K->54789K(699072K)] 55206K->54789K(1004928K) [PSPermGen: 37720K->37719K(204800K)], 0.4160520 secs] [Times: user=1.12 sys=0.19, real=0.42 secs]  
29.041: [GC [PSYoungGen: 262208K->12901K(275136K)] 316997K->67691K(974208K), 0.0170890 secs] [Times: user=0.11 sys=0.00, real=0.02 secs]  

Answer 1

看起来您的系统在启动时分配了很多对象并维护了它们的引用。如果您查看 Young GC 集合，例如[PSYoungGen: 87133K->800K(305856K)] 它显示大部分对象已被删除( Activity 堆的大小从 87M 变为 800K)。然而，接下来的 Full GC 表明它们不是垃圾，正在被提升到老年代。 Full GC 日志，例如[ParOldGen: 54950K->54789K(699072K)] 表明 Activity 堆并没有减少很多(大约 0.2%)。这意味着大多数活旧堆中的对象仍然被强引用。我认为您的系统存在两个问题之一。 1. 你有一个内存泄漏并且卡在你不需要的对象上。 2. 您的系统需要大量内存。

如果是内存泄漏，您可以使用分析器查看正在创建的对象的类型以及创建它们的位置，以尝试分析问题。