java - 在 Java 中截取屏幕截图(机器人，代码有效但不适用于外部全屏应用程序)

Question

我正在使用以下代码截取屏幕截图:

        Robot robot = new Robot();
        BufferedImage image = robot.createScreenCapture(screenRectangle);
        ImageIO.write(image,"png", file);

这段代码运行良好。当我运行程序时，它会截取我的桌面屏幕截图等。

但是，当我首先尝试在全屏 中运行某些游戏、应用程序时，它无法正常运行。它要么呈现黑屏，要么呈现相同的“初始”图片。

这个问题是否已知，请问如何解决？

第二个问题:是否可以模拟我们可以在键盘上使用的一些“Print Screen”键来解决这个问题？因为当应用程序以全屏模式启动时我可以使用Print Screen 键，当我粘贴时我得到了我的屏幕。
(像这样但是在 java 中:Copy the contents of the screen or the active window？)

预先感谢您的帮助。

编辑:Andrew Thompson 很友好地向我推荐以下代码，这将是解决此问题的良好开端:

import java.awt.Robot;
import java.awt.Toolkit;
import java.awt.datatransfer.Clipboard;
import java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;

public class ScreenshotUsingPrintScreen {

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    int i = KeyEvent.VK_PRINTSCREEN;
    Clipboard cb = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getSystemClipboard();
    DataFlavor[] flavors = cb.getAvailableDataFlavors();
    System.out.println("Before: ");
    for (DataFlavor flavor : flavors) {
        System.out.println(flavor);
    }

    // get the screenshot
    Robot robot = new Robot();
    robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_PRINTSCREEN);
    robot.delay(40);
    robot.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_PRINTSCREEN);
    robot.delay(40);

    cb = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getSystemClipboard();
    flavors = cb.getAvailableDataFlavors();
    System.out.println("After: ");
    for (DataFlavor flavor : flavors) {
        System.out.println(flavor);
    }
}

它编译得很好，但是我在运行它时收到以下错误。

Before: 
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=application/x-java-text-encoding;representationclass=[B]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/html;representationclass=java.io.Reader]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/html;representationclass=java.lang.String]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/html;representationclass=java.nio.CharBuffer]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/html;representationclass=[C]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/html;representationclass=java.io.InputStream;charset=UTF-16]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/html;representationclass=java.nio.ByteBuffer;charset=UTF-16]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/html;representationclass=[B;charset=UTF-16]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/html;representationclass=java.io.InputStream;charset=UTF-8]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/html;representationclass=java.nio.ByteBuffer;charset=UTF-8]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/html;representationclass=[B;charset=UTF-8]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/html;representationclass=java.io.InputStream;charset=UTF-16BE]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/html;representationclass=java.nio.ByteBuffer;charset=UTF-16BE]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/html;representationclass=[B;charset=UTF-16BE]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/html;representationclass=java.io.InputStream;charset=UTF-16LE]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/html;representationclass=java.nio.ByteBuffer;charset=UTF-16LE]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/html;representationclass=[B;charset=UTF-16LE]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/html;representationclass=java.io.InputStream;charset=ISO-8859-1]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/html;representationclass=java.nio.ByteBuffer;charset=ISO-8859-1]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/html;representationclass=[B;charset=ISO-8859-1]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/html;representationclass=java.io.InputStream;charset=US-ASCII]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/html;representationclass=java.nio.ByteBuffer;charset=US-ASCII]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/html;representationclass=[B;charset=US-ASCII]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=application/x-java-serialized-object;representationclass=java.lang.String]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=java.io.Reader]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=java.lang.String]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=java.nio.CharBuffer]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=[C]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=java.io.InputStream;charset=unicode]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=java.nio.ByteBuffer;charset=UTF-16]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=[B;charset=UTF-16]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=java.io.InputStream;charset=UTF-8]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=java.nio.ByteBuffer;charset=UTF-8]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=[B;charset=UTF-8]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=java.io.InputStream;charset=UTF-16BE]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=java.nio.ByteBuffer;charset=UTF-16BE]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=[B;charset=UTF-16BE]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=java.io.InputStream;charset=UTF-16LE]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=java.nio.ByteBuffer;charset=UTF-16LE]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=[B;charset=UTF-16LE]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=java.io.InputStream;charset=ISO-8859-1]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=java.nio.ByteBuffer;charset=ISO-8859-1]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=[B;charset=ISO-8859-1]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=java.io.InputStream;charset=US-ASCII]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=java.nio.ByteBuffer;charset=US-ASCII]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=[B;charset=US-ASCII]
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalStateException: cannot open system clipboard
    at sun.awt.windows.WClipboard.openClipboard(Native Method)
    at sun.awt.datatransfer.SunClipboard.getClipboardFormatsOpenClose(SunClipboard.java:332)
    at sun.awt.datatransfer.SunClipboard.getAvailableDataFlavors(SunClipboard.java:172)
    at zipprotected.threadsTest.ScreenshotUsingPrintScreen.main(ScreenshotUsingPrintScreen.java:36)
Java Result: 1

Answer 1

Is this problem known,..

是的。通常，这是由于将渲染向下移动到显卡本身的级别(主要是绕过操作系统)造成的。

..and how to fix this please?

AFAIU 它无法修复。甚至 native 屏幕截图应用程序。将无法获得此类渲染的屏幕截图。

Is this possible to simulate some "Print Screen" key in order to solve this problem?

import java.awt.Robot;
import java.awt.Toolkit;
import java.awt.datatransfer.Clipboard;
import java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;

public class ScreenshotUsingPrintScreen {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        int i = KeyEvent.VK_PRINTSCREEN;
        Clipboard cb = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getSystemClipboard();
        DataFlavor[] flavors = cb.getAvailableDataFlavors();
        System.out.println("Before: ");
        for (DataFlavor flavor : flavors) {
            System.out.println(flavor);
        }

        // get the screenshot
        Robot robot = new Robot();
        robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_PRINTSCREEN);
        robot.delay(40);
        robot.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_PRINTSCREEN);
        robot.delay(40);

        cb = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getSystemClipboard();
        flavors = cb.getAvailableDataFlavors();
        System.out.println("After: ");
        for (DataFlavor flavor : flavors) {
            System.out.println(flavor);
        }
    }
}

输出

Before: 
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=application/x-java-text-encoding;representationclass=[B]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/rtf;representationclass=java.io.InputStream]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/rtf;representationclass=java.nio.ByteBuffer]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/rtf;representationclass=[B]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=application/x-java-serialized-object;representationclass=java.lang.String]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=java.io.Reader]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=java.lang.String]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=java.nio.CharBuffer]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=[C]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=java.io.InputStream;charset=unicode]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=java.nio.ByteBuffer;charset=UTF-16]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=[B;charset=UTF-16]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=java.io.InputStream;charset=UTF-8]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=java.nio.ByteBuffer;charset=UTF-8]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=[B;charset=UTF-8]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=java.io.InputStream;charset=UTF-16BE]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=java.nio.ByteBuffer;charset=UTF-16BE]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=[B;charset=UTF-16BE]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=java.io.InputStream;charset=UTF-16LE]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=java.nio.ByteBuffer;charset=UTF-16LE]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=[B;charset=UTF-16LE]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=java.io.InputStream;charset=ISO-8859-1]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=java.nio.ByteBuffer;charset=ISO-8859-1]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=[B;charset=ISO-8859-1]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=java.io.InputStream;charset=windows-1252]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=java.nio.ByteBuffer;charset=windows-1252]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=[B;charset=windows-1252]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=java.io.InputStream;charset=US-ASCII]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=java.nio.ByteBuffer;charset=US-ASCII]
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=text/plain;representationclass=[B;charset=US-ASCII]
After: 
java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor[mimetype=image/x-java-image;representationclass=java.awt.Image]