java - @WebMvcTest 测试类中的 NoSuchBeanDefinitionException

Question

我想在 BookRestController 中测试我的休息端点。我使用 @WebMvcTest 编写了一个测试。

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebMvcTest(BookRestController.class)
public class BookRestControllerTest {

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @MockBean
    private CategoryService categoryService;

    private ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();

    @Test
    public void should_create_new_category_when_try_to_update() throws Exception {

        given(categoryService.getCategoryById(20L)).willReturn(null);
        Category category = new Category("Fantastyka");

        ResultActions resultActions = mockMvc.perform(put("/api/category/10")
        .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
        .content(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(category)));

        resultActions.andExpect(status().isNoContent());

    }
}

在存储库包中，我有 4 个存储库，但在我的测试端点中，我只使用其中之一。

这是我来自 BookRestController

的方法

@RestController
public class BookRestController {

    @Autowired
    private CategoryService categoryService;

  @RequestMapping(value = "/api/category/{id}", method = RequestMethod.PUT)
    public ResponseEntity<Category> updateCategory(@PathVariable Long id, @RequestBody Category category){

        return ResponseEntity
                .status(HttpStatus.NO_CONTENT)
                .body(categoryService.updateCategory(id, category));
    }
}

现在当我运行测试时出现错误

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'demoApplication': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through constructor parameter 0; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.sda.spring.demo.repository.BookRepository' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {}

为什么？我在测试中没有使用 BookRepository 。我该如何解决这个问题？

完整日志:

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext

at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:125) at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:108) at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoTestExecutionListener.postProcessFields(MockitoTestExecutionListener.java:99) at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoTestExecutionListener.injectFields(MockitoTestExecutionListener.java:79) at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(MockitoTestExecutionListener.java:54) at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:246) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:227) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289) at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:246) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:190) at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137) at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68) at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47) at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242) at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70) Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'demoApplication': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through constructor parameter 0; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.sda.spring.demo.repository.BookRepository' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {} at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.createArgumentArray(ConstructorResolver.java:767) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.autowireConstructor(ConstructorResolver.java:218) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireConstructor(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1308) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1154) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:538) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:498) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:320) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:318) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:199) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:846) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:863) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:546) at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:775) at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:397) at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:316) at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.loadContext(SpringBootContextLoader.java:127) at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99) at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:117) ... 25 more Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.sda.spring.demo.repository.BookRepository' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {} at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1646) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1205) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1166) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.resolveAutowiredArgument(ConstructorResolver.java:855) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.createArgumentArray(ConstructorResolver.java:758) ... 43 more

Spring Boot:v2.1.0.RELEASE

编辑:有用。我想念我的 DemoApplication 中的 @Autowire BookRepository...我删除了这段代码，现在它可以工作了

@Autowired
    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;

    private BookRepository bookRepository;

    private CategoryRepository categoryRepository;

    @Autowired
    public DemoApplication(BookRepository bookRepository, CategoryRepository categoryRepository) {
        this.bookRepository = bookRepository;
        this.categoryRepository = categoryRepository;
    }

Answer 1

您的主应用程序类将加载任何定义的 bean，或通过注释启用的功能。

例如@EnableSchedling、@ComponentScan、@Import 等

将在切片测试中全部加载。

有关更多详细信息，请参阅此文档，

https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/boot-features-testing.html#boot-features-testing-spring-boot-applications-testing-user-configuration

If you structure your code in a sensible way, your @SpringBootApplication class is used by default as the configuration of your tests.

It then becomes important not to litter the application’s main class with configuration settings that are specific to a particular area of its functionality.