c++ - 如何从 C++ 中的另一个实例访问一个实例的信息？

Question

我刚开始学习 OOP 概念，为了帮助自己学习，我创建了一个 Characters 类。从这个类中，我创建了一个名为 main 的实例和一个名为 monster 的实例。这是该类的代码:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;
class Character {

public:
string name;
float health;
int attackLevel;
int defenseLevel;

void setAttr(string sName,float sHealth, int sAttackLevel, int sDefenseLevel)  {
    name = sName;
    health = sHealth;
    attackLevel = sAttackLevel;
    defenseLevel = sDefenseLevel;

}



void attack(int whatInstanceToAttack)  {

    whatInstanceToAttack.hitpoints -= 20;  //obviously not valid but how do i do this?

    return whatInstanceToAttack;
}
int defend(string defend)  {

    int damageRelieved = defenseLevel * 2;
    return damageRelieved;
}




};
int main() {
Character main;
Character monster;
main.setAttr("Rafael",200,100,30);
monster.setAttr("Monster1",30,40,30);
cout << "Default Values for Raf are;" << endl;
cout << main.name << endl;
cout << main.health<< endl;
cout << main.attackLevel << endl;
cout << main.defenseLevel << endl;


cout << "Default values for monster are" << endl;
cout <<monster.name << endl;
cout <<monster.health << endl;
cout << monster.attackLevel<< endl;
cout << monster.defenseLevel << endl;



return 0;
}

基本上我想做的是以某种方式通过主实例访问怪物实例。我想通过运行攻击方法来做到这一点。所以如果我运行

main.attack(monster);

然后我想让怪物失去 20 点生命值。

我该怎么做？

Answer 1

您只需要在攻击方法中传递 Character 的引用即可。我认为您必须了解按值传递和按引用传递概念。如果没有，您可以阅读它 here

void attack(Character &whatInstanceToAttack)  {

    whatInstanceToAttack.hitpoints -= 20;  //obviously not valid but how do i do this?

}