java - 为什么这个属性数据没有正确加载到顶点着色器？

Question

我想将一个整数数组添加到我的顶点数组对象中，以定义哪个图像应用于该特定顶点，但不知何故，数据在途中被损坏或未正确加载。

我已经尝试加载预设数组并使用 gl_VertexID 选择正确的索引，这有效，但我更喜欢将所有数据都放在顶点数组中，而不必每帧加载统一的整数数组。

顶点着色器

#version 330 core

layout (location = 0) in vec4 position;
layout (location = 1) in vec2 textureCoordinate;
//layout (location = 2) in vec3 normals;
layout (location = 3) in int textureIndex;
//layout (location = 4) in mat4 modelMatrix;

// ---------------Temporary--------------
uniform mat4 view;
uniform mat4 model;
// ---------------Temporary end----------

flat out int textureIndexOut;

out DATA {
    vec2 tc;
} vs_out;

void main() {
    mat4 mvp = view * model; 
    gl_Position = mvp * position;
    vs_out.tc = textureCoordinate;
    textureIndexOut = textureIndex;
}

片段着色器

#version 330 core

layout (location = 0) out vec4 color;

flat in int textureIndexOut;

in DATA {
    vec2 tc;
} fs_in;

uniform sampler2D textureSamplers[32];

void main() {
    color = texture(textureSamplers[1], fs_in.tc);
}

创建顶点数组`

public static VertexArray createVAO(float[] vertices, int[] indices, float[] textureCoordinates, 
            float[] normals, int[]textureIndices) {
        int count = indices.length;
        int indexBufferObject = createIndexBuffer(indices);
        int vertexArrayObject = laodVertexArrayObject();
        storeDataInAttributeList(ShaderProgram.VERTEX_ATTRIB, vertices, 3);
        storeDataInAttributeList(ShaderProgram.TEXTURECOORDINATE_ATTRIB, textureCoordinates, 2);
        storeDataInAttributeList(ShaderProgram.TEXTURE_INDEX_ATTRIB, textureIndices, 1);
        return new VertexArray(count, vertexArrayObject, indexBufferObject, indices, vertices, normals, textureCoordinates);
    }

创建 VAO

private static int laodVertexArrayObject() {
        int vertexArrayObjectID = glGenVertexArrays();
        vaos.add(vertexArrayObjectID);                                                          //Adding the VAO to the list of all VAOs
        glBindVertexArray(vertexArrayObjectID);
        return vertexArrayObjectID;
    }

创建 VBO

private static int createIndexBuffer(int[] indices) {
        int indexBufferObjectID = glGenBuffers();
        ibos.add(indexBufferObjectID);                                                          //Adding the IBO to the list of all IBOs
        glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, indexBufferObjectID);
        glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, BufferUtils.createIntBuffer(indices), GL_STATIC_DRAW);
        glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
        return indexBufferObjectID;
    }

storeDataInAttributeList 函数

private static void storeDataInAttributeList(int attributeNumber, float[] data, int coordinateSize) {
        int vertexBufferObjectID = glGenBuffers();
        vbos.add(vertexBufferObjectID);                                                         //Adding the VBO to the list of all VBOs
        glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexBufferObjectID);
        glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, BufferUtils.createFloatBuffer(data), GL_STATIC_DRAW);
        glVertexAttribPointer(attributeNumber, coordinateSize, GL_FLOAT, false, 0, 0);
        glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
    }

private static void storeDataInAttributeList(int attributeNumber, int[] data, int coordinateSize) {
        int vertexBufferObjectID = glGenBuffers();
        vbos.add(vertexBufferObjectID);                                                         //Adding the VBO to the list of all VBOs
        glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexBufferObjectID);
        glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, BufferUtils.createIntBuffer(data), GL_STATIC_DRAW);
        glVertexAttribPointer(attributeNumber, coordinateSize, GL_INT, false, 0, 0);
        glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
    }

渲染批处理

public void render() {
        // Final arrays
        float[] vertices = null;
        float[] textureCoordinates = null;
        float[] normals = null;
        int[] indices = null;
        int[] textureIndices = null;
        // The temporary array list of data
        ArrayList<Float> rawVertices = new ArrayList<Float>();
        ArrayList<Float> rawTextureCoordinates = new ArrayList<Float>();
        ArrayList<Float> rawNormals = new ArrayList<Float>();
        ArrayList<Integer> rawIndices = new ArrayList<Integer>();
        ArrayList<Integer> rawTextureIndices = new ArrayList<Integer>();
        // Adding all the data of all the vaos into the temporary array lists
        for(int j = 0; j < rawVAOs.size(); j++) {
            for(int i = 0; i < rawVAOs.get(j).getVertices().length; i++) {
                rawVertices.add(rawVAOs.get(j).getVertices()[i]);
            }
            for(int i = 0; i < rawVAOs.get(j).getIndices().length; i++) {
                if(j == 0) {
                    rawIndices.add(rawVAOs.get(j).getIndices()[i]);
                } else {
                    rawIndices.add(j*rawVAOs.get(j-1).getIndices().length + rawVAOs.get(j).getIndices()[i]);
                }
            }
            for(int i = 0; i < rawVAOs.get(j).getNormals().length; i++) {
                rawNormals.add(rawVAOs.get(j).getNormals()[i]);
            }
            for(int i = 0; i < rawVAOs.get(j).getTextureCoordinates().length; i++) {
                rawTextureCoordinates.add(rawVAOs.get(j).getTextureCoordinates()[i]);
            }
            for(int i = 0; i < rawVAOs.get(j).getTextureIndices().length; i++) {
                rawTextureIndices.add(rawVAOs.get(j).getTextureIndices()[i]);
            }
        }
        // Adding all the data from the temporaray array lists into the final arrays
        vertices = new float[rawVertices.size()];
        for(int i = 0; i < rawVertices.size(); i++) {
            vertices[i] = rawVertices.get(i);
        }
        indices = new int[rawIndices.size()];
        for(int i = 0; i < rawIndices.size(); i++) {
            indices[i] = rawIndices.get(i);
        }
        normals = new float[rawNormals.size()];
        for(int i = 0; i < rawNormals.size(); i++) {
            normals[i] = rawNormals.get(i);
        }
        textureCoordinates = new float[rawTextureCoordinates.size()];
        for(int i = 0; i < rawTextureCoordinates.size(); i++) {
            textureCoordinates[i] = rawTextureCoordinates.get(i);
        }
        textureIndices = new int[rawTextureIndices.size()];
        for(int i = 0; i < rawTextureIndices.size(); i++) {
            textureIndices[i] = rawTextureIndices.get(i);
        }
        // Creating the final vao and rendering it
        this.finalVAO = Loader.createVAO(vertices, indices, textureCoordinates, normals, textureIndices);
        Main.ShaderList.get(shaderIndex).prepare();
        //load transformation matrices
        for(int i = 0; i < texturePointers.size(); i++) {
            glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0+i);
            Main.TextureBufferPointerList.get(texturePointers.get(i)).bind();
        }
        this.finalVAO.render();
        Main.ShaderList.get(shaderIndex).finish();
    }

如果我加载一个整数数组，其中第一个对象的所有顶点为 0，第二个对象的所有顶点为 1，我希望第一个对象会使用第一个纹理和第二个纹理进行着色要使用第二个纹理进行着色的对象。如果我为两个对象添加 0，它就会起作用，但是一旦我为任何对象添加 1，我就会收到这个巨大的错误消息:

#
# A fatal error has been detected by the Java Runtime Environment:
#
#  EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION (0xc0000005) at pc=0x00007ffee7914d6e, pid=5992, tid=0x00000000000006bc
#
# JRE version: Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (8.0_211-b12) (build 1.8.0_211-b12)
# Java VM: Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (25.211-b12 mixed mode windows-amd64 compressed oops)
# Problematic frame:
# C  [ig9icd64.dll+0x24d6e]
#
# Failed to write core dump. Minidumps are not enabled by default on client versions of Windows
#
# If you would like to submit a bug report, please visit:
#   http://bugreport.java.com/bugreport/crash.jsp
# The crash happened outside the Java Virtual Machine in native code.
# See problematic frame for where to report the bug.
#

---------------  T H R E A D  ---------------

Current thread (0x000000001f03c800):  JavaThread "renderer" [_thread_in_native, id=1724, stack(0x0000000020990000,0x0000000020a90000)]

siginfo: ExceptionCode=0xc0000005, reading address 0x0000000000000220

Registers:
RAX=0x0000000024f20080, RBX=0x00000000013ae000, RCX=0x00000000013ae000, RDX=0x000000002d611b10
RSP=0x0000000020a8ebb0, RBP=0x000000002d611a50, RSI=0x0000000000000000, RDI=0x0000000024f20080
R8 =0x0000000001221bc0, R9 =0x0000000000008000, R10=0x00000000ffffffff, R11=0x0000000000000000
R12=0x0000000000000000, R13=0x000000001ca43bd0, R14=0x0000000025042310, R15=0x0000000000000000
RIP=0x00007ffee7914d6e, EFLAGS=0x0000000000010246

Top of Stack: (sp=0x0000000020a8ebb0)
0x0000000020a8ebb0:   0000000000000001 0000000001387e50
0x0000000020a8ebc0:   00000000228e5360 00007ffee7a6171f
0x0000000020a8ebd0:   fffffffffffffffe 000000001ca43bd0
0x0000000020a8ebe0:   000000000137ff20 00007ffee79145cf
0x0000000020a8ebf0:   0000000001394720 0000000000000000
0x0000000020a8ec00:   00000000013ae000 000000002d611a50
0x0000000020a8ec10:   000000000000000e 00007ffee7e35300
0x0000000020a8ec20:   0000000000000000 0000000025042310
0x0000000020a8ec30:   0000000024f20080 00007ffee790b731
0x0000000020a8ec40:   0000000001394720 00000000ffffffff
0x0000000020a8ec50:   0000000000000000 00000000ffffffff
0x0000000020a8ec60:   000000000137ff20 00007ffee7b0f4e2
0x0000000020a8ec70:   0000000000000000 00000000ffffffff
0x0000000020a8ec80:   0000000024f20080 000000000137ff20
0x0000000020a8ec90:   fffffffffffffffe 0000000025042310
0x0000000020a8eca0:   0000000000000000 0000000025042310 

Instructions: (pc=0x00007ffee7914d6e)
0x00007ffee7914d4e:   02 00 00 83 e6 01 0f 1f 40 00 0f 1f 84 00 00 00
0x00007ffee7914d5e:   00 00 4c 8b 9f 70 42 03 00 48 8d 95 c0 00 00 00
0x00007ffee7914d6e:   41 8b 8b 20 02 00 00 85 f6 0f 84 81 00 00 00 83
0x00007ffee7914d7e:   f9 10 73 06 48 6b c1 38 eb 5b 44 8d 41 f0 41 8b 


Register to memory mapping:

RAX=0x0000000024f20080 is an unknown value
RBX=0x00000000013ae000 is an unknown value
RCX=0x00000000013ae000 is an unknown value
RDX=0x000000002d611b10 is an unknown value
RSP=0x0000000020a8ebb0 is pointing into the stack for thread: 0x000000001f03c800
RBP=0x000000002d611a50 is an unknown value
RSI=0x0000000000000000 is an unknown value
RDI=0x0000000024f20080 is an unknown value
R8 =0x0000000001221bc0 is an unknown value
R9 =0x0000000000008000 is an unknown value
R10=0x00000000ffffffff is an unknown value
R11=0x0000000000000000 is an unknown value
R12=0x0000000000000000 is an unknown value
R13={method} {0x000000001ca43bd8} 'invokeV' '(J)V' in 'org/lwjgl/system/JNI'
R14=0x0000000025042310 is an unknown value
R15=0x0000000000000000 is an unknown value


Stack: [0x0000000020990000,0x0000000020a90000],  sp=0x0000000020a8ebb0,  free space=1018k
Native frames: (J=compiled Java code, j=interpreted, Vv=VM code, C=native code)
C  [ig9icd64.dll+0x24d6e]
C  [ig9icd64.dll+0x245cf]
C

Answer 1

完整属性必须由 glVertexAttribIPointer 指定- 专注于I:

glVertexAttribIPointer(attributeNumber, coordinateSize, GL_INT, 0, 0);

参见OpenGL 4.6 API Core Profile Specification; 10.2.1 Current Generic Attributes ，第 349 页:

When values for a vertex shader attribute variable are sourced from an enabled generic vertex attribute array, the array must be specified by a command compatible with the data type of the variable. The values loaded into a shader attribute variable bound to generic attribute index are undefined if the array for index was not specified by:

• VertexAttribFormat, for floating-point base type attributes;
• VertexAttribIFormat with type BYTE, SHORT, or INT for signed integer base type attributes; or
• VertexAttribIFormat with type UNSIGNED_BYTE, UNSIGNED_SHORT, or UNSIGNED_INT for unsigned integer base type attributes.

<小时/>

进一步注意 Index buffer Vertex Array Object中说明。如果没有绑定(bind)顶点数组对象，则不能绑定(bind)索引缓冲区。 (在兼容性配置文件上下文中，有默认的顶点数组对象 0)。

因此必须在索引缓冲区之前创建并绑定(bind)顶点数组对象。

int vertexArrayObject = laodVertexArrayObject();
int count = indices.length;
int indexBufferObject = createIndexBuffer(indices);

当然，与 VAO 的关联不得被 glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); 破坏::

private static int createIndexBuffer(int[] indices) {
    int indexBufferObjectID = glGenBuffers();
    ibos.add(indexBufferObjectID);                                                          
    //Adding the IBO to the list of all IBOs
    glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, indexBufferObjectID);
    glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, BufferUtils.createIntBuffer(indices), GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    // glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); <----- delete

    return indexBufferObjectID;
}