C++ 派生类覆盖构造函数值更改

Question

我无法根据以下代码在派生类中获取 2 个函数来更改派生类中的值:-

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip> // math related, e.g. setprecision(8);

using namespace std;

// class with setter functions
class BoxVol{   // a 'base' class, a class inheriting this one is a 'derived' class having an 'is a BoxVol' relationship.
    public: // private or protected 
        BoxVol(){   // constructor 1
            height=2.0; width=2.0; length=2.0;
        }   
        BoxVol(double w, double h, double l){   // constructor 2
            width1=w; height1=h; length1=l;
            cout << "From BoxVol constructor, width = " << width1 << endl;
        }
        void setWidth(double w){
         width = w;
        }
        void setHeight(double h){
         height = h;
        }
        void setLength(double l){
         length = l;
        }
// above, using default constructor, requires setters to set params
// Next uses a defined constructor where params are passed with the constructor declaration:

    protected:
    double width; double height; double length;
    double width1; double height1; double length1;

};

struct X{
  // ...
};

// another class with setter function
class BoxDensity{  // another base class

    public:     // default is private
        BoxDensity(){   // constructor 1
            density=1.0;
        }
        BoxDensity(double d){   //constructor 2
            density=d;
            cout << "From BoxDensity constructor, density = " << density << endl;
        }
        void setDensity(double d){
            density=d;
        }
    protected: double density;
};

// derived (inheriting) class with getter functions 
class BoxInfo: public BoxVol, public BoxDensity {    // multiple inheritance
    public:
        double getVol(){
            vol=width*height*length;
            return vol;
        }
        double getDensity(){
            d=getVol()*density;
            return d;
        }
        double getVol1(double w, double h, double l){
            BoxVol Box3Vol(w,h,l);
            cout << "From getVol1(w,h,l), width = " << width1 << endl;
            vol1=width1*height1*length1;
            return vol1;
        }
        double getDensity1(double d){
            BoxDensity Box3Density(d);
            cout << "From getDensity1(d), density = " << density << endl;
            d1=vol1*density;
            return d1;
        }
    protected:
        double vol,vol1,d,d1;
};

int main( ){
    BoxInfo Box1Specs, Box2Specs, Box3Specs;    // Declare 2 instances of BoxInfo
    double w=1.0,h=1.0,l=1.0,d=1.0;
    double volume=1.0, boxwt=1.0;
// private and protected members can not be accessed directly using direct member access operator (.)   
    Box1Specs.setHeight(5.0); Box1Specs.setLength(6.0); Box1Specs.setWidth(7.0);
    Box1Specs.setDensity(2.1);
    volume = Box1Specs.getVol(); boxwt=Box1Specs.getDensity();
    cout << endl;
    cout << "Volume of Box 1 : " << volume << " cubic cm; Weight of Box1: " << boxwt << " grams."<<endl;
    Box2Specs.setHeight(15.0); Box2Specs.setLength(16.0); Box2Specs.setWidth(17.0);
    volume = Box2Specs.getVol();
    cout << "Volume of Box 2 : " << volume <<endl;

    setprecision(8);
    cout << endl;
    cout << "For Box 3 enter values for: width height length, spaced -> ";
    cin >> w; cin >> h; cin >> l;
    cout << "width: " << w << ", height: " << h << ", length: " << l << endl;
    cout << endl;
    cout << "For Box 3, enter it's density -> "; cin >> d;
    cout << "Density: " << d << endl;
    cout << endl;
    volume=Box3Specs.getVol1(w,h,l); boxwt=Box3Specs.getDensity1(d);
    cout << endl;
    cout << "Volume of Box 3 : " << volume << " cubic cm." << endl;
    cout << "Weight of Box 3: " << boxwt << " grams." <<endl;

    return 0;
}

当我使用原始变量(宽度、高度、长度、密度)时，将使用默认构造函数中的值，而不是其他构造函数中的值。如果我创建新变量，如将 1 添加到上面的原始名称，那么返回的是一些双最大值或最小值。有人可以运行这段代码来亲自查看输出，然后看看他/她是否能发现其中的谬误。谢谢。

Answer 1

程序的简短分析是这样的:它有未定义的行为。当您调用 Box3Specs.getVol1(w, h, l) 时，将使用默认构造的对象。默认构造函数仅设置成员 width、height 和 length 但不设置 width1、height1，或 length1。函数 getVol1() 使用后三个。由于这些未初始化，因此行为未定义。

getVol1() 确实构造了一个对象 Box3Vol，该对象将被正确初始化但未被使用。您可能打算使用类似的东西

*this = Box3Vol(w, h, l);

您应该查看什么是成员初始值设定项列表，我认为您需要摆脱重复的成员集:它们似乎会导致对BoxVol 的混淆实体是。由于没有描述它的含义，因此无法确定。