c++ - 将 vector 加载和保存到文件

Question

我正在使用 C++ Builder，我有一个 Appointment 对象的 vector 数组。

我想将它保存到文件中并从文件中加载它。

目前，我正在对二进制文件使用 ifstream 和 ofstream。我有一个 header ，其中包含将与数据一起保存的 vector 大小，以便在加载时了解其大小。

序列化是更好的方法吗？

如果是这样，我需要使用 boost 库还是其他方式？

这是我当前的代码:

class appointment
{
public:
    appointment();
    appointment(TDateTime aDate, TDateTime aReminderDateTime, string aType,
    string aLocation, string aComments, bool aIsImportant)
    {
        appDateTime = aDate;
        appReminderDateTime = aReminderDateTime;
        appType = aType;
        appLocation = aLocation;
        appComments = aComments;
        appIsImportant = aIsImportant;
    }
    void setAppDateTime(TDateTime aDateTime)
    {
        appDateTime = aDateTime;
    }
    void setappReminderDateTime(TDateTime aReminderDateTime)
    {
        appReminderDateTime = aReminderDateTime;
    }
    /*
    void printAppointmentDetails()
    {
        cout << "Appointment Date: " << appDateTime << endl;
        cout << "Appointment Reminder Date: " << appReminderDateTime << endl;
        cout << "Appointment Type: " << appType << endl;
        cout << "Appointment Location: " << appLocation << endl;
        cout << "Appointment Comments: " << appComments << endl;
        if (appIsImportant)
        {
            cout << "Appointment IsImportant: " << "Yes" << endl;
        } else {
            cout << "Appointment IsImportant: " << "No" << endl;
        }
    }

    */
    void setType(string aType)
    {
        appType = aType;
    }
    void setLocation(string aLocation)
    {
        appLocation = aLocation;
    }
    void setComments(string aComments)
    {
        appComments = aComments;
    }
    void setIsImportant(bool aIsImportant)
    {
        appIsImportant = aIsImportant;
    }
    TDateTime getAppDateTime()
    {
        return appDateTime;
    }
    TDateTime getAppReminderDateTime()
    {
        return appReminderDateTime;
    }
    string getType()
    {
        return appType;
    }
    string getLocation()
    {
        return appLocation;
    }
    string getComments()
    {
        return appComments;
    }
    bool getIsImportant()
    {
        return appIsImportant;
    }
private:
    //appointment();
    TDateTime appDateTime;
    TDateTime appReminderDateTime;
    string appType;
    string appLocation;
    string appComments;
    bool appIsImportant;
    //person owner;
};

class calendar
{
public:
    calendar()
    {
        //loadFromFile();
        //load persons
        //calculateimportantAppointments
    }
    ~calendar()
    {
        saveToFile();
    }
    //addperson
    //editperson
    //removeperson
    void createAppointment(TDateTime aDate, TDateTime aReminderDateTime, string aType,
    string aLocation, string aComments, bool aIsImportant)
    {
        appointment newAppointment(aDate, aReminderDateTime, aType,
        aLocation, aComments, aIsImportant);
        appointments.push_back(newAppointment);
    }
    /*
    void printAllAppointmentDetails()
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < appointments.size(); i++)
        {
            appointments[i].printAppointmentDetails();
        }
    }
    void calculateImportantAppointments()
    {

    }
    int getNumberOfImportantAppointments()
    {
        int intImportantAppointmentCount = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < appointments.size(); i++)
        {
             if (appointments[i].getIsImportant())
                intImportantAppointmentCount += 1;
        }
        return intImportantAppointmentCount;
    }

    appointment[] getImportantAppointments()
    {

    }
    appointment[] getAllAppointments()
    {

    }
    */
    void loadFromFile()
    {
        ifstream iStream("file.ext", ios::binary);
        if (!iStream)
        {
            cout << "No file";
        } else {
            fileHeader_t fHeader;
            iStream.read((char*)&fHeader, sizeof(fileHeader_t));
            if (fHeader.magicNumber = 0xDEADBEAF)
            {
                appointments.resize(fHeader.appointmentCount);
                iStream.read((char*)&appointments[0], fHeader.appointmentCount * sizeof(appointment));
            }
        }
    }
    void saveToFile()
    {
        ofstream oStream("file.ext", ios::binary);
        fileHeader_t fHeader;
        fHeader.magicNumber = 0xDEADBEAF;
        fHeader.appointmentCount = appointments.size();
        oStream.write((char*)&fHeader, sizeof(fileHeader_t));
        oStream.write((char*)&appointments[0], sizeof(appointment) * appointments.size());
    }
    //vector<appointment> appointments;
private:
    vector<appointment> appointments;
    string calCurrentDate;
    string calCurrentTime;
    typedef struct fileHeader_s
    {
        DWORD magicNumber;
        size_t appointmentCount;
    }fileHeader_t;
};

调用 loadFromFile() 方法时出现以下错误。

[BCC32 Warning] File1.cpp(185): W8060 Possibly incorrect assignment [ILINK32 Error] Error: Unresolved external 'appointment::appointment()' referenced from \PROFILES.SOIT.LOCAL\HOMES$\SIMON.CANNING\MY DOCUMENTS\RAD STUDIO\PROJECTS\DEBUG\FILE1.OBJ [ILINK32 Error] Error: Unable to perform link

我知道这是由于构造函数调用而发生的。我可以就如何解决此问题提出一些建议吗？

Answer 1

有了所有的戏剧，你可能会得到提升来编译，然后你必须做所有的废话来实现序列化，我个人不会打扰。

只需将大小设置到标题中，将其写入文件，然后写出 vector 的字节。

加载时，读入 header ，将 vector 调整为它所说的大小，然后读入 vector 的字节。

[编辑]

正如评论中所讨论的，您必须意识到您也不能将其他重要类型(例如字符串)写成二进制。所有这些都必须序列化。从您提出问题的方式，我推断您已经意识到了这一点。

所以如果你只需要序列化几个类型并且还没有使用boost，我个人认为使用boost来解决这个问题会有点大材小用。人们似乎对我表达这种观点的方式做出了负面 react ，所以也许他们从来没有处理过一个项目，在这个项目中，有人依赖于 boost 序列化来解决一个非常简单和孤立的问题 =)

您真正需要的是一些您可以自己编写的简单支持函数。在这种情况下，您甚至不需要该 header 来包含 vector 大小，因为您可以序列化...

// This writes a vector of trivial data types.
template <class T>
void WriteTrivial( std::ostream& s, const std::vector<T>& data )
{
    unsigned int len = data.size();
    s.write( (char*)&len, sizeof(len) );
    s.write( (const char*)&data[0], len * sizeof(T) );
}

// This reads a vector of trivial data types.
template <class T>
void ReadTrivial( std::istream& s, std::vector<T>& data )
{
    unsigned int len = 0;
    s.read( (char*)&len, sizeof(len) );
    data.resize(len);
    if( len > 0 ) s.read( (char*)&data[0], len * sizeof(T) );
}

如果你的 vector 可能包含字符串或 vector ，你需要更多的支持函数

// This writes a vector of non-trivial data types.
template <class T>
void Write( std::ostream& s, const std::vector<T>& data )
{
    unsigned int len = data.size();
    s.write( (char*)&len, sizeof(len) );
    for( unsigned int i = 0; i < len; i++ ) {
        Write( s, data[i] );
    }
}

// This reads a vector of non-trivial data types.
template <class T>
void Read( std::istream& s, std::vector<T>& data )
{
    unsigned int len = 0;
    s.read( (char*)&len, sizeof(len) );
    data.resize(len);
    for( unsigned int i = 0; i < len; i++ ) {
        Read( s, data[i] );
    }
 }

当然，对于上述内容，您还需要一些用于字符串的内容，以及一个用于处理普通数据类型的读/写模板。无论如何，这应该可以帮助您入门。希望对您有所帮助。

[编辑]

既然您已经发布了代码，我建议您这样做:

在日历中:

void loadFromFile()
{
    ifstream iStream("file.ext", ios::binary);
    if (!iStream)
    {
        cout << "No file";
    } else {
        fileHeader_t fHeader;
        iStream.read((char*)&fHeader, sizeof(fileHeader_t));
        if (fHeader.magicNumber != 0xDEADBEAF) return;
        appointments.resize(fHeader.appointmentCount);
        for( size_t i = 0; i < appointments.size(); i++ ) {            
            appointments[i].read(iStream);
        }
        iStream.close();
    }
}

void saveToFile()
{
    ofstream oStream("file.ext", ios::binary);
    fileHeader_t fHeader;
    fHeader.magicNumber = 0xDEADBEAF;
    fHeader.appointmentCount = appointments.size();
    oStream.write((char*)&fHeader, sizeof(fileHeader_t));
    for( size_t i = 0; i < appointments.size(); i++ ) {            
        appointments[i].write(oStream);
    }
    oStream.close();
}

现在，序列化字符串:

void write( ostream &s, const string& str )
{
    unsigned int len = str.size();
    s.write((char*)&len, sizeof(len));
    s.write(str.c_str(), len*sizeof(char));
}

void read( istream &s, string& str )
{
    unsigned int len = 0;
    s.read((char*)&len, sizeof(len));
    str.resize(len);
    if( len == 0 ) return;
    s.read((char *) str.c_str(), len*sizeof(char));
}

也许是一个有用的包装器来编写普通类型:

template <class T>
void writeTrivial( ostream& s, const T& val )
{
    ostream.write( (const char*)&val, sizeof(T) );
}

template <class T>
void readTrivial( ostream& s, T& val )
{
    ostream.read( (char*)&val, sizeof(T) );
}

最后，在约会

void write( ostream& s )
{
    writeTrivial(s, appDateTime);
    writeTrivial(s, appReminderDateTime);
    write(s, appType);
    write(s, appLocation);
    write(s, appComments);
    writeTrivial(s, appIsImportant);
}

void read( istream& s )
{
    readTrivial(s, appDateTime);
    readTrivial(s, appReminderDateTime);
    read(s, appType);
    read(s, appLocation);
    read(s, appComments);
    readTrivial(s, appIsImportant);
}