java - 如果 Java 中的 XML 中不存在节点或子节点，如何 XPath 返回空字符串

Question

我有一个名为“sample.xml”的 XML 文件，并且有 4 条记录。

    <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<hello xmlns:show="http://www.example.com" xmlns:css="http://www.example.com" xml_version="2.0">


  <entry id="2008-0001">
    <show:id>2008-0001</show:id>
    <show:published-datetime>2008-01-15T15:00:00.000-05:00</show:published-datetime>
    <show:last-modified-datetime>2012-03-19T00:00:00.000-04:00</show:last-modified-datetime>
    <show:css>
      <css:metrics>
        <css:score>3.6</css:score>
        <css:access-vector>LOCAL</css:access-vector>
        <css:authentication>NONE</css:authentication>
        <css:generated-on-datetime>2008-01-15T15:22:00.000-05:00</css:generated-on-datetime>
      </css:metrics>
    </show:css>
    <show:summary>This is first entry.</show:summary>
  </entry>
  <entry id="2008-0002">
    <show:id>2008-0002</show:id>
    <show:published-datetime>2008-02-11T20:00:00.000-05:00</show:published-datetime>
    <show:last-modified-datetime>2014-03-15T23:22:37.303-04:00</show:last-modified-datetime>
    <show:css>
      <css:metrics>
        <css:score>5.8</css:score>
        <css:access-vector>NETWORK</css:access-vector>
        <css:authentication>NONE</css:authentication>
        <css:generated-on-datetime>2008-02-12T10:12:00.000-05:00</css:generated-on-datetime>
      </css:metrics>
    </show:css>
    <show:summary>This is second entry.</show:summary>
  </entry>

  <entry id="2008-0003">
    <show:id>2008-0003</show:id>
    <show:published-datetime>2009-03-26T06:12:08.780-04:00</show:published-datetime>
    <show:last-modified-datetime>2009-03-26T06:12:09.313-04:00</show:last-modified-datetime>
    <show:summary>This is 3rd entry with missing "css" tag and their metrics.</show:summary>
  </entry>

  <entry id="2008-0004">
    <show:id>CVE-2008-0004</show:id>
    <show:published-datetime>2008-01-11T19:46:00.000-05:00</show:published-datetime>
    <show:last-modified-datetime>2011-09-06T22:41:45.753-04:00</show:last-modified-datetime>
    <show:css>
      <css:metrics>
        <css:score>4.3</css:score>
        <css:access-vector>NETWORK</css:access-vector>
        <css:authentication>NONE</css:authentication>
        <css:generated-on-datetime>2008-01-14T09:37:00.000-05:00</css:generated-on-datetime>
      </css:metrics>
    </show:css>
    <show:summary>This is 4th entry.</show:summary>
  </entry>
</hello>

和 1 个 Java 文件作为“Test.java”-

    import java.io.File;
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.List;

    import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
    import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
    import javax.xml.xpath.XPath;
    import javax.xml.xpath.XPathConstants;
    import javax.xml.xpath.XPathExpression;
    import javax.xml.xpath.XPathFactory;

    import org.w3c.dom.Document;
    import org.w3c.dom.Node;
    import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {



        List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();


        File fXmlFile = new File("/home/ankit/sample.xml");

        DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();

        try
        {
            DocumentBuilder dBuilder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();

            Document doc = dBuilder.parse(fXmlFile);

            doc.getDocumentElement().normalize();

            NodeList nList = doc.getElementsByTagName("entry");

            XPathFactory xPathfactory = XPathFactory.newInstance();

            XPath xpath = xPathfactory.newXPath();


            for (int i = 0; i < nList.getLength(); i++)
            {

                XPathExpression expr1 = xpath.compile("//hello/entry/css/metrics/score");

                NodeList nodeList1 = (NodeList) expr1.evaluate(doc, XPathConstants.NODESET);

                if(nodeList1.item(i)!=null)
                {
                    Node currentItem = nodeList1.item(i);

                    if(!currentItem.getTextContent().isEmpty())
                    {
                        list.add(currentItem.getTextContent());
                        }
                }
            }
        }
        catch(Exception e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println("size----"+list.size());
        for(int i=0;i<list.size();i++)
        {
            System.out.println("list----"+list.get(i));
        }
    }
}

我需要阅读<entry>来自 XML 的标记，为此我使用 XPath 。在XML文件中有4个条目标签，内部条目标签有<show:css>标签，但在第三个 <entry>标记此<show:css>标签丢失，并将这些 css 标签的分值放入列表中。因此，当我运行此 java 代码时，前 2 个值存储在列表中，第三个位置存储第四个标签的 css 得分值。

我想要一个列表作为输出，其中第一个、第二个和第四个元素为“3.6”、“4.8”和“5.3”，第三个元素应该是空字符串或nil。但我在列表中只得到 3 个元素，其值为 1,2 和 4。

我需要将空字符串“”放在第三位，将原始值放在第四位。意味着如果该标签不存在，则在列表中放入空白值。

当前输出 - [“3.6”、“4.8”、“5.3”]

我预计 - [“3.6”、“4.8”、“”、“5.3”]

有人可以帮我解决这个问题吗？

Answer 1

可能有几种方法可以实现这一目标......

我的基本做法是找到所有具有 css/metrics/score 子节点和不具有 entry 子节点的节点(您可能会得到所有entry 节点，但这展示了查询语言的强大功能)

类似...

XPathExpression expr1 = xPath.compile("//hello/entry[css/metrics/score or not(css/metrics/score)]");

我知道条件表达式的意义不大，我希望OP看到他们可以使用额外的条件来扩展那里的要求，谢谢大家指出，尽管我已经提到过它。 .希望我们都能继续前进

然后，循环遍历生成的 NodeList 并查询每个 entry Node 的 css/metrics/score节点。如果它是 null，则将 null 值添加到列表中(或您想要的任何其他值)，例如...

DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
Document doc = dbf.newDocumentBuilder().parse(JavaApplication908.class.getResourceAsStream("/Hello.xml"));

XPathFactory xf = XPathFactory.newInstance();
XPath xPath = xf.newXPath();

XPathExpression expr1 = xPath.compile("//hello/entry[css/metrics/score or not(css/metrics/score)]");
XPathExpression expr2 = xPath.compile("css/metrics/score");

List<String> values = new ArrayList<>(25);

NodeList nodeList1 = (NodeList) expr1.evaluate(doc, XPathConstants.NODESET);
for (int index = 0; index < nodeList1.getLength(); index++) {
    Node node = nodeList1.item(index);
    System.out.println(node.getAttributes().getNamedItem("id"));

    Node css = (Node) expr2.evaluate(node, XPathConstants.NODE);
    if (css != null) {
        values.add(css.getTextContent());
    } else {
        values.add(null);
    }

}

for (String value : values) {
    System.out.println(value);
}

这输出...

id="2008-0001"
id="2008-0002"
id="2008-0003"
id="2008-0004"
3.6
5.8
null
4.3

(前四行是 entry 节点 id，后四行是生成的 css/metrics/score 值)