c++ - 无法实例化模板 : template arg deduction/substitution failed

Question

以下程序(使用标准随机数引擎)给出“模板参数推导/替换失败”编译错误:

http://coliru.stacked-crooked.com/a/e3c3ac933ed7b958

/// LCE1.cpp
///
/// Tests the linear congruential engine.
///
/// Dir: SW > Applications > Samples > C++Samples > Introductory > StdLib > Numerics > RandomNumbers > Engines > LCE > LCE1
///

#include <random>           /// linear_congruential_engine
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;


/// Generate random numbers using the specified engine.
template<typename Eng>
void gener();


int main()
{
   gener<typename decltype(linear_congruential_engine)>();
}


/// Generate random numbers using the specified engine.
template<typename Eng>
void gener()
{
    /// Create an engine of the specified type.
    Eng e;

    /// Generate 500 random numbers.
    for (int i = 0; i < 500; ++i)
        e();

    cout << "OK" << endl;
}

编译错误为:

g++ -std=c++14 -O2 -Wall -pedantic -pthread main.cpp && ./a.out
main.cpp: In function 'int main()':
main.cpp:21:4: error: parse error in template argument list

    gener<typename decltype(linear_congruential_engine)>();
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

main.cpp:21:57: error: no matching function for call to 'gener<<expression error> >()'

    gener<typename decltype(linear_congruential_engine)>();
                                                         ^
main.cpp:16:6: note: candidate: template<class Eng> void gener()
 void gener();
      ^~~~~

main.cpp:16:6: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
main.cpp:21:57: error: template argument 1 is invalid
    gener<typename decltype(linear_congruential_engine)>();
                                                     ^

为什么会这样？解决方案是什么？

Answer 1

首先， std::linear_congruential_engine 是一个类模板，你需要为它指定模板参数，例如linear_congruential_engine<std::uint_fast32_t, 16807, 0, 2147483647> .

和linear_congruential_engine<std::uint_fast32_t, 16807, 0, 2147483647>指的是一种类型，typename和 decltype是不必要的。

例如，您可以更改

gener<typename decltype(linear_congruential_engine)>();

到

gener<linear_congruential_engine<std::uint_fast32_t, 16807, 0, 2147483647>>();

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