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java - FragmentTransaction addToBackStack fragment 在方向更改时重新创建

转载 作者:行者123 更新时间:2023-11-30 02:45:59 27 4
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我在使用 FragmentTransaction addToBackStack 时发现了一个奇怪的行为。每当手机旋转时,它都会重新创建堆栈中的所有 fragment 。为什么要重新创建这些 fragment ,它们不应该处于暂停状态吗?我的意思是..它们不可见,也没有运行任何后台线程..

我提供了一个简单的示例(只是 Android Studio 中的一个基本抽屉导航模板),您可以在其中检查此行为。只需导航到其他 fragment 几次,以便将一些 fragment 存储在堆栈中,然后旋转设备,onCreate 将在您导航的次数中触发。

MainActivity.java

package gsrtc_driver.example.com.supportfragmentmanager_orientationchanges;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBar;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.Gravity;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.TextView;


public class MyActivity extends ActionBarActivity
implements NavigationDrawerFragment.NavigationDrawerCallbacks {

private final static String DEBUG_TAG = "DEBUG_TAG";
/**
* Fragment managing the behaviors, interactions and presentation of the navigation drawer.
*/
private NavigationDrawerFragment mNavigationDrawerFragment;

/**
* Used to store the last screen title. For use in {@link #restoreActionBar()}.
*/
private CharSequence mTitle;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_my);

mNavigationDrawerFragment = (NavigationDrawerFragment)
getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.navigation_drawer);
mTitle = getTitle();

// Set up the drawer.
mNavigationDrawerFragment.setUp(
R.id.navigation_drawer,
(DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout));
}

@Override
public void onNavigationDrawerItemSelected(int position) {
// update the main content by replacing fragments
FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
fragmentManager.beginTransaction()
.replace(R.id.container, PlaceholderFragment.newInstance(position + 1))
.addToBackStack(String.valueOf(position + 1))
.commit();
}

public void onSectionAttached(int number) {
switch (number) {
case 1:
mTitle = getString(R.string.title_section1);
break;
case 2:
mTitle = getString(R.string.title_section2);
break;
case 3:
mTitle = getString(R.string.title_section3);
break;
}
}

public void restoreActionBar() {
ActionBar actionBar = getSupportActionBar();
actionBar.setNavigationMode(ActionBar.NAVIGATION_MODE_STANDARD);
actionBar.setDisplayShowTitleEnabled(true);
actionBar.setTitle(mTitle);
}


@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
if (!mNavigationDrawerFragment.isDrawerOpen()) {
// Only show items in the action bar relevant to this screen
// if the drawer is not showing. Otherwise, let the drawer
// decide what to show in the action bar.
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.my, menu);
restoreActionBar();
return true;
}
return super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);
}

@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
// Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will
// automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long
// as you specify a parent activity in AndroidManifest.xml.
int id = item.getItemId();
if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
return true;
}
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}

/**
* A placeholder fragment containing a simple view.
*/
public static class PlaceholderFragment extends Fragment {
/**
* The fragment argument representing the section number for this
* fragment.
*/
private static final String ARG_SECTION_NUMBER = "section_number";

/**
* Returns a new instance of this fragment for the given section
* number.
*/
public static PlaceholderFragment newInstance(int sectionNumber) {
PlaceholderFragment fragment = new PlaceholderFragment();
Bundle args = new Bundle();
args.putInt(ARG_SECTION_NUMBER, sectionNumber);
fragment.setArguments(args);
return fragment;
}

public PlaceholderFragment() {
}

@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_my, container, false);
return rootView;
}

@Override
public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
super.onAttach(activity);
((MyActivity) activity).onSectionAttached(
getArguments().getInt(ARG_SECTION_NUMBER));
Log.d(DEBUG_TAG, getClass().getSimpleName()+"::onAttach raised" );
}
}

}

NavigationDrawerFragment.java

package gsrtc_driver.example.com.supportfragmentmanager_orientationchanges;
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBar;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.support.v4.app.ActionBarDrawerToggle;
import android.support.v4.view.GravityCompat;
import android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.content.res.Configuration;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.preference.PreferenceManager;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuInflater;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.Toast;

/**
* Fragment used for managing interactions for and presentation of a navigation drawer.
* See the <a href="https://developer.android.com/design/patterns/navigation-drawer.html#Interaction">
* design guidelines</a> for a complete explanation of the behaviors implemented here.
*/
public class NavigationDrawerFragment extends Fragment {

/**
* Remember the position of the selected item.
*/
private static final String STATE_SELECTED_POSITION = "selected_navigation_drawer_position";

/**
* Per the design guidelines, you should show the drawer on launch until the user manually
* expands it. This shared preference tracks this.
*/
private static final String PREF_USER_LEARNED_DRAWER = "navigation_drawer_learned";

/**
* A pointer to the current callbacks instance (the Activity).
*/
private NavigationDrawerCallbacks mCallbacks;

/**
* Helper component that ties the action bar to the navigation drawer.
*/
private ActionBarDrawerToggle mDrawerToggle;

private DrawerLayout mDrawerLayout;
private ListView mDrawerListView;
private View mFragmentContainerView;

private int mCurrentSelectedPosition = 0;
private boolean mFromSavedInstanceState;
private boolean mUserLearnedDrawer;

public NavigationDrawerFragment() {
}

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

// Read in the flag indicating whether or not the user has demonstrated awareness of the
// drawer. See PREF_USER_LEARNED_DRAWER for details.
SharedPreferences sp = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(getActivity());
mUserLearnedDrawer = sp.getBoolean(PREF_USER_LEARNED_DRAWER, false);

if (savedInstanceState != null) {
mCurrentSelectedPosition = savedInstanceState.getInt(STATE_SELECTED_POSITION);
mFromSavedInstanceState = true;
}

// Select either the default item (0) or the last selected item.
selectItem(mCurrentSelectedPosition);
}

@Override
public void onActivityCreated (Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
// Indicate that this fragment would like to influence the set of actions in the action bar.
setHasOptionsMenu(true);
}

@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
mDrawerListView = (ListView) inflater.inflate(
R.layout.fragment_navigation_drawer, container, false);
mDrawerListView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
@Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
selectItem(position);
}
});
mDrawerListView.setAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(
getActionBar().getThemedContext(),
android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,
android.R.id.text1,
new String[]{
getString(R.string.title_section1),
getString(R.string.title_section2),
getString(R.string.title_section3),
}));
mDrawerListView.setItemChecked(mCurrentSelectedPosition, true);
return mDrawerListView;
}

public boolean isDrawerOpen() {
return mDrawerLayout != null && mDrawerLayout.isDrawerOpen(mFragmentContainerView);
}

/**
* Users of this fragment must call this method to set up the navigation drawer interactions.
*
* @param fragmentId The android:id of this fragment in its activity's layout.
* @param drawerLayout The DrawerLayout containing this fragment's UI.
*/
public void setUp(int fragmentId, DrawerLayout drawerLayout) {
mFragmentContainerView = getActivity().findViewById(fragmentId);
mDrawerLayout = drawerLayout;

// set a custom shadow that overlays the main content when the drawer opens
mDrawerLayout.setDrawerShadow(R.drawable.drawer_shadow, GravityCompat.START);
// set up the drawer's list view with items and click listener

ActionBar actionBar = getActionBar();
actionBar.setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
actionBar.setHomeButtonEnabled(true);

// ActionBarDrawerToggle ties together the the proper interactions
// between the navigation drawer and the action bar app icon.
mDrawerToggle = new ActionBarDrawerToggle(
getActivity(), /* host Activity */
mDrawerLayout, /* DrawerLayout object */
R.drawable.ic_drawer, /* nav drawer image to replace 'Up' caret */
R.string.navigation_drawer_open, /* "open drawer" description for accessibility */
R.string.navigation_drawer_close /* "close drawer" description for accessibility */
) {
@Override
public void onDrawerClosed(View drawerView) {
super.onDrawerClosed(drawerView);
if (!isAdded()) {
return;
}

getActivity().supportInvalidateOptionsMenu(); // calls onPrepareOptionsMenu()
}

@Override
public void onDrawerOpened(View drawerView) {
super.onDrawerOpened(drawerView);
if (!isAdded()) {
return;
}

if (!mUserLearnedDrawer) {
// The user manually opened the drawer; store this flag to prevent auto-showing
// the navigation drawer automatically in the future.
mUserLearnedDrawer = true;
SharedPreferences sp = PreferenceManager
.getDefaultSharedPreferences(getActivity());
sp.edit().putBoolean(PREF_USER_LEARNED_DRAWER, true).commit();
}

getActivity().supportInvalidateOptionsMenu(); // calls onPrepareOptionsMenu()
}
};

// If the user hasn't 'learned' about the drawer, open it to introduce them to the drawer,
// per the navigation drawer design guidelines.
if (!mUserLearnedDrawer && !mFromSavedInstanceState) {
mDrawerLayout.openDrawer(mFragmentContainerView);
}

// Defer code dependent on restoration of previous instance state.
mDrawerLayout.post(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
mDrawerToggle.syncState();
}
});

mDrawerLayout.setDrawerListener(mDrawerToggle);
}

private void selectItem(int position) {
mCurrentSelectedPosition = position;
if (mDrawerListView != null) {
mDrawerListView.setItemChecked(position, true);
}
if (mDrawerLayout != null) {
mDrawerLayout.closeDrawer(mFragmentContainerView);
}
if (mCallbacks != null) {
mCallbacks.onNavigationDrawerItemSelected(position);
}
}

@Override
public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
super.onAttach(activity);
try {
mCallbacks = (NavigationDrawerCallbacks) activity;
} catch (ClassCastException e) {
throw new ClassCastException("Activity must implement NavigationDrawerCallbacks.");
}
}

@Override
public void onDetach() {
super.onDetach();
mCallbacks = null;
}

@Override
public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
outState.putInt(STATE_SELECTED_POSITION, mCurrentSelectedPosition);
}

@Override
public void onConfigurationChanged(Configuration newConfig) {
super.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig);
// Forward the new configuration the drawer toggle component.
mDrawerToggle.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig);
}

@Override
public void onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu, MenuInflater inflater) {
// If the drawer is open, show the global app actions in the action bar. See also
// showGlobalContextActionBar, which controls the top-left area of the action bar.
if (mDrawerLayout != null && isDrawerOpen()) {
inflater.inflate(R.menu.global, menu);
showGlobalContextActionBar();
}
super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu, inflater);
}

@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
if (mDrawerToggle.onOptionsItemSelected(item)) {
return true;
}

if (item.getItemId() == R.id.action_example) {
Toast.makeText(getActivity(), "Example action.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return true;
}

return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}

/**
* Per the navigation drawer design guidelines, updates the action bar to show the global app
* 'context', rather than just what's in the current screen.
*/
private void showGlobalContextActionBar() {
ActionBar actionBar = getActionBar();
actionBar.setDisplayShowTitleEnabled(true);
actionBar.setNavigationMode(ActionBar.NAVIGATION_MODE_STANDARD);
actionBar.setTitle(R.string.app_name);
}

private ActionBar getActionBar() {
return ((ActionBarActivity) getActivity()).getSupportActionBar();
}

/**
* Callbacks interface that all activities using this fragment must implement.
*/
public static interface NavigationDrawerCallbacks {
/**
* Called when an item in the navigation drawer is selected.
*/
void onNavigationDrawerItemSelected(int position);
}
}

activity_my.xml

<!-- A DrawerLayout is intended to be used as the top-level content view using match_parent for both width and height to consume the full space available. -->
<android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MyActivity">

<!-- As the main content view, the view below consumes the entire
space available using match_parent in both dimensions. -->
<FrameLayout
android:id="@+id/container"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" />

<!-- android:layout_gravity="start" tells DrawerLayout to treat
this as a sliding drawer on the left side for left-to-right
languages and on the right side for right-to-left languages.
If you're not building against API 17 or higher, use
android:layout_gravity="left" instead. -->
<!-- The drawer is given a fixed width in dp and extends the full height of
the container. -->
<fragment android:id="@+id/navigation_drawer"
android:layout_width="@dimen/navigation_drawer_width"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_gravity="start"
android:name="gsrtc_driver.example.com.supportfragmentmanager_orientationchanges.NavigationDrawerFragment"
tools:layout="@layout/fragment_navigation_drawer" />

</android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>

fragment_my.xml

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
tools:context=".MyActivity$PlaceholderFragment">

<TextView
android:id="@+id/section_label"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

</RelativeLayout>

fragment_navigation_drawer.xml

<ListView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:choiceMode="singleChoice"
android:divider="@android:color/transparent"
android:dividerHeight="0dp"
android:background="#cccc"
tools:context=".NavigationDrawerFragment" />

这是预期的行为吗,我怎样才能避免重新创建堆栈中的 fragment ?

示例源在这里 http://www.filedropper.com/supportfragmentmanagerorientationchanges

最佳答案

我允许自己写下我的评论作为答案,因为它解决了您的问题。

正如我提到的,我没有尝试您的代码,但是检查我的一个代码表明我没有使用 onCreate 方法,而只使用了 onCreateView

我把 onCreate 所需的所有代码都放在了 onCreateView 中。

为了解释为什么它可以解决您的问题,您必须引用有关 fragment 生命周期的详细信息。我不记得所有的细节,但我所知道的是,Android 开发者网站在谈论 fragment 时给出的所有示例都使用 onCreateView 而不是 onCreate

对我来说,据我所知,这是使用 fragment 的方式,我在所有代码中都是这样做的。

然后使用 onActivityCreated 在屏幕旋转时附加 View 。

编辑

要回答或完成@Xabier 的评论,我应该添加 onCreate 替换为 onCreateView,在我的例子中,我通常只用它来膨胀布局。

然后,如果您的 View 是静态的,您可以使用 onViewCreated。但是,如果您的 View 是动态的,例如您有 ListView ,则必须使用 onActivityCreated

@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_layout, container, false);
}

@Override
public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
mListView = (ListView) getView().findViewById(R.id.listview);

mAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(getActivity(), android.R.layout.simple_list_item_activated_1, a_string_array);
mListView.setAdapter(mAdapter);
mListView.setOnItemClickListener(this);

...
}

关于java - FragmentTransaction addToBackStack fragment 在方向更改时重新创建,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/25016142/

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