c++ - 使用可变参数模板调用成员函数

Question

我需要将异步函数调用转换为同步函数调用。有很多这样的功能，所以我想使用模板进行转换。下面是一个简化程序的样子:

#include <functional>
#include <future>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

using CallBack = function<void (int)>;

class C {
    template<typename... Ts>
    int InvokeAsync(void (C::*async)(Ts..., CallBack), Ts... args) {
        promise<int> p;
        auto cb = [&p](int r) { p.set_value(r); };
        async(args..., cb);
        auto f = p.get_future();
        f.wait();
        return f.get();
    }
public:
    void Async(int x, int y, CallBack cb) {
        cb(x + y);
    }
    int Sync(int x, int y) {
        return InvokeAsync(&C::Async, x, y);
    }
    void Async(int x, CallBack cb) {
        cb(x);
    }
    int Sync(int x) {
        return InvokeAsync(&C::Async, x);
    }
};

此程序无法编译。以下是 gcc 和 clang 分别产生的错误:

海湾合作委员会

$ g++ --version
g++ (GCC) 5.4.0
Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
$ g++ -c -std=c++14 -o x.o x.cc
x.cc: In member function ‘int C::Sync(int, int)’:
x.cc:24:43: error: no matching function for call to ‘C::InvokeAsync(<unresolved overloaded function type>, int&, int&)’
         return InvokeAsync(&C::Async, x, y);
                                           ^
x.cc:11:9: note: candidate: template<class ... Ts> int C::InvokeAsync(void (C::*)(Ts ..., CallBack), Ts ...)
     int InvokeAsync(void (C::*async)(Ts..., CallBack), Ts... args) {
         ^
x.cc:11:9: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
x.cc:24:43: note:   mismatched types ‘CallBack {aka std::function<void(int)>}’ and ‘int’
         return InvokeAsync(&C::Async, x, y);
                                           ^
x.cc:24:43: note:   mismatched types ‘CallBack {aka std::function<void(int)>}’ and ‘int’
x.cc:24:43: note:   could not resolve address from overloaded function ‘&((C*)this)->*C::Async’
x.cc: In member function ‘int C::Sync(int)’:
x.cc:30:40: error: no matching function for call to ‘C::InvokeAsync(<unresolved overloaded function type>, int&)’
         return InvokeAsync(&C::Async, x);
                                        ^
x.cc:11:9: note: candidate: template<class ... Ts> int C::InvokeAsync(void (C::*)(Ts ..., CallBack), Ts ...)
     int InvokeAsync(void (C::*async)(Ts..., CallBack), Ts... args) {
         ^
x.cc:11:9: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
x.cc:30:40: note:   mismatched types ‘CallBack {aka std::function<void(int)>}’ and ‘int’
         return InvokeAsync(&C::Async, x);
                                        ^
x.cc:30:40: note:   mismatched types ‘CallBack {aka std::function<void(int)>}’ and ‘int’
x.cc:30:40: note:   could not resolve address from overloaded function ‘&((C*)this)->*C::Async’

clang

$ clang++ --version
clang version 3.7.1 (tags/RELEASE_371/final)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin16.6.0
Thread model: posix
$ clang++ -c -std=c++14 -o x.o x.cc
x.cc:24:16: error: no matching member function for call to 'InvokeAsync'
        return InvokeAsync(&C::Async, x, y);
               ^~~~~~~~~~~
x.cc:11:9: note: candidate template ignored: substitution failure [with Ts = <int, int>]
    int InvokeAsync(void (C::*async)(Ts..., CallBack), Ts... args) {
        ^
x.cc:14:9: error: called object type 'void (C::*)(int, CallBack)' is not a function or function pointer
        async(args..., cb);
        ^~~~~
x.cc:30:16: note: in instantiation of function template specialization 'C::InvokeAsync<int>' requested here
        return InvokeAsync(&C::Async, x);
               ^
2 errors generated.

我做错了什么？

Answer 1

首先，你应该制作template parameter pack parameter 参数列表中的最后一个，即

template<typename... Ts>
int InvokeSync(void (C::*async)(CallBack, Ts...), Ts... args) {

然后

void Async(CallBack cb, int x, int y)
void Async(CallBack cb, int x)

其次，当调用async时，您应该指定要调用的实例，即

(this->*async)(cb, args...);

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