c++ - 使用 Qt 的缩放功能

Question

当前实现，向 View 中心缩放，因此当我们缩放它时，左上角的项目或当前鼠标指针不可见。

我想要基于当前鼠标指针的缩放功能，以便当前鼠标指针上显示的项目向 View 中心缩放。

View 区域中心的缩放基础代码

void csGuiView::wheelEvent(QWheelEvent *event)
{

    if ((event->modifiers()&Qt::ControlModifier) == Qt::ControlModifier
        && event->angleDelta().x() == 0)
    {
    QPoint  pos  = event->pos();
    QPointF posf = this->mapToScene(pos);

    double angle = event->angleDelta().y();

    double scalingFactor;

    if(angle > 0)
    {
        scalingFactor = 1 + ( angle / 360 * 0.1);
    }else if (angle < 0)
    {
        scalingFactor = 1 - ( -angle / 360 * 0.1);
    } else
    {
        scalingFactor = 1;
    }

    m_pvtData->m_scale = scalingFactor;

    this->scale(scalingFactor, scalingFactor);

    double w = this->viewport()->width();
    double h = this->viewport()->height();

    double wf = this->mapToScene(QPoint(w-1, 0)).x()
            - this->mapToScene(QPoint(0,0)).x();
    double hf = this->mapToScene(QPoint(0, h-1)).y()
            - this->mapToScene(QPoint(0,0)).y();

    double lf = posf.x() - pos.x() * wf / w;
    double tf = posf.y() - pos.y() * hf / h;

    /* try to set viewport properly */
    this->ensureVisible(lf, tf, wf, hf, 0, 0);


    QPointF newPos = this->mapToScene(pos);


    this->ensureVisible(QRectF(QPointF(lf, tf) - newPos + posf,
                               QSizeF(wf, hf)), 0, 0);

    }

    if ((event->modifiers()&Qt::ControlModifier) != Qt::ControlModifier) {
    QGraphicsView::wheelEvent(event);
    }

    event->accept();
}

Answer 1

要始终以鼠标指针为中心进行缩放 - 鼠标指针的位置只需成为缩放的原点。

听起来很简单，但我在准备演示时花了一些功夫。 (抱歉，我对线性代数不太擅长。)但是，我终于让它运行起来了。

我的示例代码testQWidget-Zoom.cc :

#include <vector>
#include <QtWidgets>

// class for widget to demonstrate zooming
class Canvas: public QWidget {
  // types:
  private:
    struct Geo {
      QRectF rect; QColor color;
      Geo(const QRectF &rect, const QColor &color):
        rect(rect), color(color)
      { }
    };
  // variables:
  private:
    bool _initDone : 1; // flag: true ... sample geo created
    std::vector<Geo> _scene; // contents to render
    QMatrix _mat; // view matrix
  // methods:
  public: 
    // constructor.
    Canvas(): QWidget(), _initDone(false) { }
    // destructor.
    virtual ~Canvas() = default;
    // disabled:
    Canvas(const Canvas&) = delete;
    Canvas& operator=(const Canvas&) = delete;
  private:
    // initializes sample geo
    void init()
    {
      if (_initDone) return;
      _initDone = true;
      // build scene (with NDC i.e. view x/y range: [-1, 1])
      _scene.emplace_back(Geo(QRectF(-1.0f, -1.0f, 2.0f, 2.0f), QColor(0x000000u)));
      _scene.emplace_back(Geo(QRectF(-0.2f, -0.2f, 0.4f, 0.4f), QColor(0x00ff00u)));
      _scene.emplace_back(Geo(QRectF(-0.8f, -0.8f, 0.4f, 0.4f), QColor(0xff0000u)));
      _scene.emplace_back(Geo(QRectF(-0.8f, 0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f), QColor(0x0000ffu)));
      _scene.emplace_back(Geo(QRectF(0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f), QColor(0xff00ffu)));
      _scene.emplace_back(Geo(QRectF(0.4f, -0.8f, 0.4f, 0.4f), QColor(0xffff00u)));
      // get initial scaling
      const int wView = width(), hView = height();
      _mat.scale(wView / 2, hView / 2);
      _mat.translate(1, 1);
    }
  protected:
    virtual void paintEvent(QPaintEvent *pQEvent) override
    {
      init();
      // render
      QPainter qPainter(this);
#if 0 // This scales line width as well:
      qPainter.setMatrix(_mat);
      for (const Geo &geo : _scene) {
        qPainter.setPen(geo.color);
        qPainter.drawRect(geo.rect);
      }
#else // This transforms only coordinates:
      for (const Geo &geo : _scene) {
        qPainter.setPen(geo.color);
        QRectF rect(geo.rect.topLeft() * _mat, geo.rect.bottomRight() * _mat);
        qPainter.drawRect(rect);
      }
#endif // 0
    }
    virtual void wheelEvent(QWheelEvent *pQEvent) override
    {
      //qDebug() << "Wheel Event:"
      //qDebug() << "mouse pos:" << pQEvent->pos();
      // pos() -> virtual canvas
      bool matInvOK = false;
      QMatrix matInv = _mat.inverted(&matInvOK);
      if (!matInvOK) {
        qDebug() << "View matrix not invertible!";
        return;
      }
      QPointF posNDC
        = QPointF(pQEvent->pos().x(), pQEvent->pos().y()) * matInv;
      //qDebug() << "mouse pos (NDC):" << posNDC;
      float delta = 1.0f + pQEvent->angleDelta().y() / 1200.0f;
      //qDebug() << "angleDelta:" << pQEvent->angleDelta().y();
      //qDebug() << "scale factor:" << delta;
      _mat.translate(posNDC.x(), posNDC.y()); // origin to spot
      _mat.scale(delta, delta); // scale
      _mat.translate(-posNDC.x(), -posNDC.y()); // spot to origin
      update();
      pQEvent->accept();
    }
};


int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
  QApplication app(argc, argv);
  Canvas canvas;
  canvas.resize(512, 512);
  canvas.show();
  // runtime loop
  return app.exec();
}

这三行是​​真正有趣的行(在 Canvas::wheelEvent() 中):

      _mat.translate(posNDC.x(), posNDC.y()); // origin to spot
      _mat.scale(delta, delta); // scale
      _mat.translate(-posNDC.x(), -posNDC.y()); // spot to origin

这就是它的样子:

第一个图像是应用程序启动后的快照。

然后我指向红色矩形的中心并稍微转动方向盘。红色矩形按预期围绕鼠标指针生长。

---

第一^次更新:

而且，这是直接使用屏幕坐标的更新版本(而不是将所有内容都转换为 NDC):

#include <vector>
#include <QtWidgets>

// class for widget to demonstrate zooming
class Canvas: public QWidget {
  // types:
  private:
    struct Geo {
      QRectF rect; QColor color;
      Geo(const QRectF &rect, const QColor &color):
        rect(rect), color(color)
      { }
    };
  // variables:
  private:
    bool _initDone : 1; // flag: true ... sample geo created
    std::vector<Geo> _scene; // contents to render
    QMatrix _mat; // view matrix
  // methods:
  public: 
    // constructor.
    Canvas(): QWidget(), _initDone(false) { }
    // destructor.
    virtual ~Canvas() = default;
    // disabled:
    Canvas(const Canvas&) = delete;
    Canvas& operator=(const Canvas&) = delete;
  private:
    // initializes sample geo
    void init()
    {
      if (_initDone) return;
      _initDone = true;
      const int wView = width(), hView = height();
      // build scene (with NDC i.e. view x/y range: [-1, 1])
      _scene.emplace_back(Geo(QRectF(-1.0f, -1.0f, 2.0f, 2.0f), QColor(0x000000u)));
      _scene.emplace_back(Geo(QRectF(-0.2f, -0.2f, 0.4f, 0.4f), QColor(0x00ff00u)));
      _scene.emplace_back(Geo(QRectF(-0.8f, -0.8f, 0.4f, 0.4f), QColor(0xff0000u)));
      _scene.emplace_back(Geo(QRectF(-0.8f, 0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f), QColor(0x0000ffu)));
      _scene.emplace_back(Geo(QRectF(0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f), QColor(0xff00ffu)));
      _scene.emplace_back(Geo(QRectF(0.4f, -0.8f, 0.4f, 0.4f), QColor(0xffff00u)));
      // scale geometry to screen coordinates
      QMatrix mat;
      mat.scale(wView / 2, hView / 2);
      mat.translate(1, 1);
      for (Geo &geo : _scene) {
        geo.rect = QRectF(geo.rect.topLeft() * mat, geo.rect.bottomRight() * mat);
      }
    }
  protected:
    virtual void paintEvent(QPaintEvent *pQEvent) override
    {
      init();
      // render
      QPainter qPainter(this);
      qPainter.setMatrix(_mat);
      for (const Geo &geo : _scene) {
        qPainter.setPen(geo.color);
        qPainter.drawRect(geo.rect);
      }
    }
    virtual void wheelEvent(QWheelEvent *pQEvent) override
    {
      //qDebug() << "Wheel Event:";
      //qDebug() << "mouse pos:" << pQEvent->pos();
      float delta = 1.0f + pQEvent->angleDelta().y() / 1200.0f;
      //qDebug() << "angleDelta:" << pQEvent->angleDelta().y();
      //qDebug() << "scale factor:" << delta;
      _mat.translate(pQEvent->pos().x(), pQEvent->pos().y()); // origin to spot
      _mat.scale(delta, delta); // scale
      _mat.translate(-pQEvent->pos().x(), -pQEvent->pos().y()); // spot to origin
      update();
      pQEvent->accept();
    }
};

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
  QApplication app(argc, argv);
  Canvas canvas;
  canvas.resize(256, 256);
  canvas.show();
  // runtime loop
  return app.exec();
}

相关的三行没有太大变化——鼠标坐标直接应用于变换。

顺便说一句。我更改了渲染 - 现在它可以像我使用的那样缩放线宽

      qPainter.setMatrix(_mat);

在 Canvas::paintEvent()而不是“手动”转换所有点。

快照显示了我指向蓝色矩形的中心并转动鼠标滚轮后的应用程序:

---

第二^次更新:

建议的矩阵操作适用于 QGraphicsView 还有:

#include <QtWidgets>

// class for widget to demonstrate zooming
class Canvas: public QGraphicsView {
  // methods:
  public: 
    // constructor.
    Canvas() = default;
    // destructor.
    virtual ~Canvas() = default;
    // disabled:
    Canvas(const Canvas&) = delete;
    Canvas& operator=(const Canvas&) = delete;

  protected:

    virtual void wheelEvent(QWheelEvent *pQEvent) override
    {
      //qDebug() << "Wheel Event:";
      // pos() -> virtual canvas
      QPointF pos = mapToScene(pQEvent->pos());
      //qDebug() << "mouse pos:" << pos;
      // scale from wheel angle
      float delta = 1.0f + pQEvent->angleDelta().y() / 1200.0f;
      //qDebug() << "angleDelta:" << pQEvent->angleDelta().y();
      //qDebug() << "scale factor:" << delta;
      // modify transform matrix
      QTransform xform = transform();
      xform.translate(pos.x(), pos.y()); // origin to spot
      xform.scale(delta, delta); // scale
      xform.translate(-pos.x(), -pos.y()); // spot to origin
      setTransform(xform);
      //qDebug() << "transform:" << xform;
      // force update
      update();
      pQEvent->accept();
    }
};

QRectF toScr(QWidget *pQWidget, float x, float y, float w, float h)
{
  const int wView = pQWidget->width(), hView = pQWidget->height();
  const int s = wView < hView ? wView : hView;
  return QRectF(
    (0.5f * x + 0.5f) * s, (0.5f * y + 0.5f) * s,
    0.5f * w * s, 0.5f * h * s);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
  QApplication app(argc, argv);
  // setup GUI
  Canvas canvas;
  canvas.setTransformationAnchor(QGraphicsView::NoAnchor);
  canvas.resize(256, 256);
  canvas.show();
  // prepare scene
  QGraphicsScene qGScene;
  qGScene.addRect(toScr(canvas.viewport(), -1.0f, -1.0f, 2.0f, 2.0f), QColor(0x000000u));
  qGScene.addRect(toScr(canvas.viewport(), -0.2f, -0.2f, 0.4f, 0.4f), QColor(0x00ff00u));
  qGScene.addRect(toScr(canvas.viewport(), -0.8f, -0.8f, 0.4f, 0.4f), QColor(0xff0000u));
  qGScene.addRect(toScr(canvas.viewport(), -0.8f, 0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f), QColor(0x0000ffu));
  qGScene.addRect(toScr(canvas.viewport(), 0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f), QColor(0xff00ffu));
  qGScene.addRect(toScr(canvas.viewport(), 0.4f, -0.8f, 0.4f, 0.4f), QColor(0xffff00u));
  canvas.setScene(&qGScene);
  // runtime loop
  return app.exec();
}

使用 QGraphicsView简化了代码，因为不需要渲染代码 - 它已经是内置的。

因为我(还)没有太多使用QGraphicsView的经验，另一个问题对我打击很大:QGraphicsView能够在应用转换后自动修复 View 位置。就我而言，这相当适得其反，因为显然我的转变和 QGraphicsView似乎向相反的方向“拉”。

因此，我今天吸取了教训: QGrapicsView::setTransformationAnchor(QGraphicsView::NoAnchor) 有必要关闭此(在我的情况下不是有意的)自动居中。

我发现值得注意的另一个细节是 QGraphicsView::mapToScene() 可用于方便地将小部件坐标(例如鼠标坐标)转换为场景空间。