java - Android:如何从首选项 Activity 类调用主类的方法？

Question

我有一个带有 TextView 的主 Activity 类和一个设置 Activity (从 Android 的 Studio 模板生成)。

在设置 Activity 中，我声明了许多设置。主 Activity 上的 TextView 显示了其中一项设置，这是由加载所有首选项的当前状态并将它们保存在变量中的函数完成的。

如果我更改设置 Activity 中的某些内容，监听器将执行，但不会在主要 Activity 中更新值。

我不能使用 onResume() 方法，因为它也会在应用程序第一次启动时执行。

我试过发送一个 Intent 并从监听器启动主类，但这会创建一个主类的新实例，并且只允许您更改一个首选项，因为监听器会触发。

我的主要 Activity 如下:

public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity {

private SharedPreferences prefs;

private double _lat;


public void loadPrefs(){

    prefs = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(this);
    _lat = Double.parseDouble(prefs.getString("lat", ""));

    //updates the iu
    TextView helloThere = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.TextView_hello_world);
    helloThere.setText(Double.toString(_lat));
}

@Override
protected void onResume() {
    super.onResume();
    String changes = getIntent().getStringExtra("prefChanged");
    if(changes != null)
        Log.d("DEBUG!!!!", changes);
    else
        Log.d("DEBUG!!!!", "No changes!!!!");
}



@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

    loadPrefs();
}

@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {

    if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
        // Launch Settings activity
        Intent intent = new Intent(this, SettingsActivity.class);
        startActivity(intent);
        return true;
    }
    return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}

这是设置 Activity (查看名为 onSharedPreferenceChanged 的函数):

public class SettingsActivity extends PreferenceActivity implements SharedPreferences.OnSharedPreferenceChangeListener {
SharedPreferences.OnSharedPreferenceChangeListener listener;
/**
 * Determines whether to always show the simplified settings UI, where
 * settings are presented in a single list. When false, settings are shown
 * as a master/detail two-pane view on tablets. When true, a single pane is
 * shown on tablets.
 */
private static final boolean ALWAYS_SIMPLE_PREFS = false;
private SharedPreferences prefs;

@Override
public void onSharedPreferenceChanged(SharedPreferences sharedPreferences, String key) {
    Log.d("DEBUG!!","LISTENER!!");
    Intent i = new Intent(this, MainActivity.class);
    i.putExtra("prefChanged","Something changed...");
    startActivity(i);
}

@Override
protected void onResume() {
    super.onResume();
    prefs.registerOnSharedPreferenceChangeListener(this);
}

@Override
protected void onPause() {
    super.onPause();
    prefs.unregisterOnSharedPreferenceChangeListener(this);
}

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    prefs = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(this);
}

@Override
protected void onPostCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onPostCreate(savedInstanceState);

    setupSimplePreferencesScreen();
}

/**
 * Shows the simplified settings UI if the device configuration if the
 * device configuration dictates that a simplified, single-pane UI should be
 * shown.
 */
private void setupSimplePreferencesScreen() {
    if (!isSimplePreferences(this)) {
        return;
    }

    // In the simplified UI, fragments are not used at all and we instead
    // use the older PreferenceActivity APIs.

    // Add 'general' preferences.
    addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.pref_general);

    // Add 'notifications' preferences, and a corresponding header.
    PreferenceCategory fakeHeader = new PreferenceCategory(this);
    fakeHeader.setTitle(R.string.pref_header_notifications);
    getPreferenceScreen().addPreference(fakeHeader);
    addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.pref_notification);

    // Add 'data and sync' preferences, and a corresponding header.
    //fakeHeader = new PreferenceCategory(this);
    //fakeHeader.setTitle(R.string.pref_header_data_sync);
    //getPreferenceScreen().addPreference(fakeHeader);
    //addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.pref_data_sync);

    // Bind the summaries of EditText/List/Dialog/Ringtone preferences to
    // their values. When their values change, their summaries are updated
    // to reflect the new value, per the Android Design guidelines.
    //bindPreferenceSummaryToValue(findPreference("example_text"));
    //bindPreferenceSummaryToValue(findPreference("example_list"));
    bindPreferenceSummaryToValue(findPreference("notifications_ringtone"));
    //bindPreferenceSummaryToValue(findPreference("sync_frequency"));
}

/**
 * {@inheritDoc}
 */
@Override
public boolean onIsMultiPane() {
    return isXLargeTablet(this) && !isSimplePreferences(this);
}

/**
 * Helper method to determine if the device has an extra-large screen. For
 * example, 10" tablets are extra-large.
 */
private static boolean isXLargeTablet(Context context) {
    return (context.getResources().getConfiguration().screenLayout
            & Configuration.SCREENLAYOUT_SIZE_MASK) >= Configuration.SCREENLAYOUT_SIZE_XLARGE;
}

/**
 * Determines whether the simplified settings UI should be shown. This is
 * true if this is forced via {@link #ALWAYS_SIMPLE_PREFS}, or the device
 * doesn't have newer APIs like {@link PreferenceFragment}, or the device
 * doesn't have an extra-large screen. In these cases, a single-pane
 * "simplified" settings UI should be shown.
 */
private static boolean isSimplePreferences(Context context) {
    return ALWAYS_SIMPLE_PREFS
            || Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB
            || !isXLargeTablet(context);
}

/**
 * {@inheritDoc}
 */
@Override
@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB)
public void onBuildHeaders(List<Header> target) {
    if (!isSimplePreferences(this)) {
        loadHeadersFromResource(R.xml.pref_headers, target);
    }
}

/**
 * A preference value change listener that updates the preference's summary
 * to reflect its new value.
 */
private static Preference.OnPreferenceChangeListener sBindPreferenceSummaryToValueListener = new Preference.OnPreferenceChangeListener() {
    @Override
    public boolean onPreferenceChange(Preference preference, Object value) {
        String stringValue = value.toString();

        if (preference instanceof ListPreference) {
            // For list preferences, look up the correct display value in
            // the preference's 'entries' list.
            ListPreference listPreference = (ListPreference) preference;
            int index = listPreference.findIndexOfValue(stringValue);

            // Set the summary to reflect the new value.
            preference.setSummary(
                    index >= 0
                            ? listPreference.getEntries()[index]
                            : null);

        } else if (preference instanceof RingtonePreference) {
            // For ringtone preferences, look up the correct display value
            // using RingtoneManager.
            if (TextUtils.isEmpty(stringValue)) {
                // Empty values correspond to 'silent' (no ringtone).
                preference.setSummary(R.string.pref_ringtone_silent);

            } else {
                Ringtone ringtone = RingtoneManager.getRingtone(
                        preference.getContext(), Uri.parse(stringValue));

                if (ringtone == null) {
                    // Clear the summary if there was a lookup error.
                    preference.setSummary(null);
                } else {
                    // Set the summary to reflect the new ringtone display
                    // name.
                    String name = ringtone.getTitle(preference.getContext());
                    preference.setSummary(name);
                }
            }

        } else {
            // For all other preferences, set the summary to the value's
            // simple string representation.
            preference.setSummary(stringValue);
        }
        return true;
    }
};

/**
 * Binds a preference's summary to its value. More specifically, when the
 * preference's value is changed, its summary (line of text below the
 * preference title) is updated to reflect the value. The summary is also
 * immediately updated upon calling this method. The exact display format is
 * dependent on the type of preference.
 *
 * @see #sBindPreferenceSummaryToValueListener
 */
private static void bindPreferenceSummaryToValue(Preference preference) {
    // Set the listener to watch for value changes.
    preference.setOnPreferenceChangeListener(sBindPreferenceSummaryToValueListener);

    // Trigger the listener immediately with the preference's
    // current value.
    sBindPreferenceSummaryToValueListener.onPreferenceChange(preference,
            PreferenceManager
                    .getDefaultSharedPreferences(preference.getContext())
                    .getString(preference.getKey(), ""));
}


/**
 * This fragment shows general preferences only. It is used when the
 * activity is showing a two-pane settings UI.
 */
@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB)
public static class GeneralPreferenceFragment extends PreferenceFragment {
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.pref_general);

        // Bind the summaries of EditText/List/Dialog/Ringtone preferences
        // to their values. When their values change, their summaries are
        // updated to reflect the new value, per the Android Design
        // guidelines.
        //bindPreferenceSummaryToValue(findPreference("fixed_lat_long"));
        bindPreferenceSummaryToValue(findPreference("example_text"));
        bindPreferenceSummaryToValue(findPreference("example_list"));
    }
}

/**
 * This fragment shows notification preferences only. It is used when the
 * activity is showing a two-pane settings UI.
 */
@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB)
public static class NotificationPreferenceFragment extends PreferenceFragment {
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.pref_notification);

        // Bind the summaries of EditText/List/Dialog/Ringtone preferences
        // to their values. When their values change, their summaries are
        // updated to reflect the new value, per the Android Design
        // guidelines.
            bindPreferenceSummaryToValue(findPreference("notifications_ringtone"));
    }
}

奖励问题:我使用 Android 的 Studio 模板生成了设置 Activity ，我注意到没有 onCreate() 方法，这正常吗？当我从主 Activity 调用 startactivity() 函数时执行什么？

谢谢。

PS:也许我发布了太多代码来解决这个问题，抱歉我刚开始使用 Android，感觉自己像个菜鸟。

Answer 1

您不应该尝试从 SettingsActivity 更改 MainActivity 的 UI! MainActivity 的 UI 的管理应该只由它自己完成。

看看 Activity Lifecycle .您会看到，当 Activity 返回前台时，将调用 MainActivity 的 onResume() 方法。所以两个解决方案:

1. 您在 onResume() 中调用了 loadPrefs()。你告诉你做不到，但我不明白为什么(也许我错过了一些细节)
2. 在 onResume() 方法中，仅当检测到更改时才调用 loadPrefs()。

再说一次:不要尝试从另一个类调用 MainActivity 的方法:这在 Android 世界中是无稽之谈。

奖金回答者

onCreate() 方法在 Activity 类中声明，因此具有默认行为。如果你想修改默认行为(即声明你自己的 UI 组件)，你可以覆盖它(在添加 @Override 注释时这样做)。所以默认情况下，没有绝对需要覆盖它。如果不覆盖，将调用默认实现。这是面向对象编程的基础；)