java - 使用 Jackson 反序列化字符串以映射多种类型

Question

我见过类似 this one 的答案显示 TypeFactory.constructMapType(...) 的使用将 JSON 字符串反序列化为键/值组合不是 String 的映射。我遇到一种情况，我的字符串应该反序列化为多种不同类型，而不仅仅是一种。

我意识到一种解决方案是定义我自己的类而不使用 Map，但我想知道是否可以使用纯配置？

这是我的测试代码。

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

import org.joda.time.DateTime;
import org.joda.time.DateTimeZone;
import org.joda.time.LocalDateTime;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.type.MapType;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.type.TypeFactory;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.joda.JodaModule;

public class JodaTimeMapTest {

   public static void main(final String[] args) throws Exception {
      // Map with dates.
      final DateTime now = new DateTime().withZone(DateTimeZone.UTC);
      final LocalDateTime nowLocal = new LocalDateTime();
      final LocalDateTime notNowLocal = new LocalDateTime(2007, 3, 25, 2, 30, 0);
      final Map<String, Object> dateMap = new HashMap<>();
      dateMap.put("now", now);
      dateMap.put("nowLocal", nowLocal);
      dateMap.put("notNowLocal", notNowLocal);

      // Serialise map to string.
      final ObjectMapper mapper = mapper();
      final String dateMapJson = mapper.writeValueAsString(dateMap);

      // De-serialise string to map.
      final TypeFactory typeFactory = mapper.getTypeFactory();
      final MapType mapType = typeFactory.constructMapType(HashMap.class, String.class, Object.class);
      final HashMap<String, Object> dateMapFromJson = mapper.readValue(dateMapJson, mapType);

      // First one has dates, second has strings.
      printMap(dateMap);
      printMap(dateMapFromJson);
   }

   private static void printMap(final Map<String, Object> map) {
      System.out.println(map.entrySet().stream().map(entry -> {
         return entry.getKey() + ", type = " + entry.getValue().getClass().getName() + ", value = " + entry.getValue();
      }).collect(Collectors.joining(System.lineSeparator())));
   }

   private static ObjectMapper mapper() {
      final ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
      mapper.registerModule(new JodaModule());
      mapper.configure(com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS, false);
      return mapper;

   }

}

该类的输出表明，读入时，Jakcson 只能假设这些是字符串:

now, type = org.joda.time.DateTime, value = 2018-05-04T09:10:26.063Z
notNowLocal, type = org.joda.time.LocalDateTime, value = 2007-03-25T02:30:00.000
nowLocal, type = org.joda.time.LocalDateTime, value = 2018-05-04T19:10:26.193
now, type = java.lang.String, value = 2018-05-04T09:10:26.063Z
notNowLocal, type = java.lang.String, value = 2007-03-25T02:30:00.000
nowLocal, type = java.lang.String, value = 2018-05-04T19:10:26.193

示例解决方案

基于answer aussie gave ，这是一个适合我的解决方案。在我的示例中，我只需要映射key来确定value是什么类型的Joda日期/时间类。

首先是我对 aussie 告诉我的反序列化器的实现。

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Stream;

import org.joda.time.DateTime;
import org.joda.time.LocalDateTime;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParser;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationContext;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.deser.std.StdDeserializer;

/** De-serialise values from a map that contains Joda times and strings. */
public class JodaMapDeserialiser extends StdDeserializer<Object> {

   /** Mapping between keys in the map to a type of Joda time. */
   enum DateType {
      DATE_TIME("now"), LOCAL_DATE_TIME("notNowLocal", "nowLocal");

      final List<String> keys;

      DateType(final String... keys) {
         this.keys = Arrays.asList(keys);
      }

      public static DateType forKeyString(final String keyString) {
         return Stream.of(values()).filter(dateTypes -> dateTypes.keys.contains(keyString)) //
               .findFirst().orElse(null);
      }
   }

   public JodaMapDeserialiser() {
      super(Object.class);
   }

   @Override
   public Object deserialize(final JsonParser p, final DeserializationContext ctxt)
         throws IOException, JsonProcessingException {

      // Each entry in the map has a key and value.
      final String value = p.readValueAs(String.class);
      final String key = p.getCurrentName();

      // Convert the value depending on what the key is.
      switch (DateType.forKeyString(key)) {
         case DATE_TIME:
            return DateTime.parse(value);

         case LOCAL_DATE_TIME:
            return LocalDateTime.parse(value);

         default:
            return value;
      }
   }
}

这里是一些稍微修改的测试代码。

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

import org.joda.time.DateTime;
import org.joda.time.DateTimeZone;
import org.joda.time.LocalDateTime;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.module.SimpleModule;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.type.MapType;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.type.TypeFactory;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.joda.JodaModule;

public class JodaTimeMapTest {

   public static void main(final String[] args) throws Exception {

      // Map with dates.
      final DateTime now = new DateTime().withZone(DateTimeZone.UTC);
      final LocalDateTime nowLocal = new LocalDateTime();
      final LocalDateTime notNowLocal = new LocalDateTime(2007, 3, 25, 2, 30, 0);
      final Map<String, Object> dateMap = new HashMap<>();
      dateMap.put("now", now);
      dateMap.put("nowLocal", nowLocal);
      dateMap.put("notNowLocal", notNowLocal);

      // Serialise map to string.
      final ObjectMapper mapper = mapper();
      final String dateMapJson = mapper.writeValueAsString(dateMap);

      // De-serialise string to map.
      final TypeFactory typeFactory = mapper.getTypeFactory();
      final MapType mapType = typeFactory.constructMapType(HashMap.class, String.class, Object.class);
      final HashMap<String, Object> dateMapFromJson = mapper.readValue(dateMapJson, mapType);

      // First one has dates, second has strings.
      System.out.println("Actual map.");
      printMap(dateMap);
      System.out.println("Map de-serialised from JSON.");
      printMap(dateMapFromJson);
      System.out.println("Maps are equal: " + dateMap.equals(dateMapFromJson));
   }

   private static void printMap(final Map<String, Object> map) {
      System.out.println(map.entrySet().stream().map(entry -> {
         return "  " + entry.getKey() + ", type = " + entry.getValue().getClass().getName() + ", value = "
               + entry.getValue();
      }).collect(Collectors.joining(System.lineSeparator())));
   }

   private static ObjectMapper mapper() {
      final ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
      mapper.registerModule(new JodaModule());
      mapper.configure(com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS, false);

      final SimpleModule dateDeserializerModule = new SimpleModule();
      dateDeserializerModule.addDeserializer(Object.class, new JodaMapDeserialiser());
      mapper.registerModule(dateDeserializerModule);

      return mapper;

   }
}

输出是:

Actual map.
  now, type = org.joda.time.DateTime, value = 2018-05-05T04:03:20.684Z
  notNowLocal, type = org.joda.time.LocalDateTime, value = 2007-03-25T02:30:00.000
  nowLocal, type = org.joda.time.LocalDateTime, value = 2018-05-05T14:03:20.809
Map de-serialised from JSON.
  now, type = org.joda.time.DateTime, value = 2018-05-05T04:03:20.684Z
  notNowLocal, type = org.joda.time.LocalDateTime, value = 2007-03-25T02:30:00.000
  nowLocal, type = org.joda.time.LocalDateTime, value = 2018-05-05T14:03:20.809
Maps are equal: true

最后，我的 Maven 依赖项(joda 时间包含在 jackson-datatype-joda 中)。

<dependency>
   <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
   <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
   <version>2.9.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
   <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype</groupId>
   <artifactId>jackson-datatype-joda</artifactId>
   <version>2.9.5</version>
</dependency>

其他选项

总的来说，我找到的选项:

• 为单个类型组合创建类型定义:带有 String 键和 DateTime 值的 Hashmap。
• 创建一个自定义类来映射键/值。
• 创建一个反序列化器来定义如何将字符串转换为对象的规则。

为了进一步探索我发现的不同选项，我写了 this blog post .

Answer 1

由于您注册的 Jodamodule，您的日期对象被序列化为字符串:“now”:“2018-05-04T11:42:15.454Z”

当你反序列化 Json 字符串时，你期望得到一个带有 String 键和 Object 值的 HashMap。 Jackson 如何知道这些对象应该是不同类型的日期，它只看到字符串..？

您可以做的是为此创建一个自定义反序列化器，并实现正确反序列化每个日期的逻辑(例如，您可以通过正则表达式确定类型)。

public class MyDateDeserializer extends StdDeserializer<Object> {
    public MyDateDeserializer() {
        super(Object.class);
    }
    @Override
    public Object deserialize(JsonParser p, DeserializationContext ctxt) throws IOException, JsonProcessingException {
        return convertStringToTheProperDate(p.readValueAs(String.class));
    }
    private Object convertStringToTheProperDate(String dateAsString) {
       // implement the logic to convert the string to the proper type
       return null;
    }
}

然后注册解串器:

SimpleModule dateDeserializerModule = new SimpleModule();
dateDeserializerModule.addDeserializer(Object.class, new MyDateDeserializer());
mapper.registerModule(dateDeserializerModule);