c++ - OpenGL + ffmpeg 在全屏模式下运行缓慢

Question

我正在尝试使用 ffmpeg 和 OpenGL + SDL 播放视频文件。播放速度非常慢且闪烁。该代码是来自不同博客/网站的积累，我不太确定发生了什么。很抱歉发布这么长的代码，但这是最小化版本。我的实际代码在窗口模式下也不能很好地运行。以下版本在窗口模式下以某种方式流畅播放。

#ifndef INT64_C
#define INT64_C(c) (int64_t)(c)
#define UINT64_C(c) (uint64_t)(c)
#endif

extern "C" {
#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
#include <libavformat/avformat.h>
#include <libswscale/swscale.h>
}
#include <SDL.h>
#include <GL/gl.h>

int fullscreen = 1, videoStream = -1, frameFinished=0;
const PixelFormat CONV_FORMAT = PIX_FMT_RGB24;
const char *fname = "moviesample.mp4";
AVFormatContext *pFormatCtx = NULL;
AVCodecContext  *pCodecCtx = NULL;
AVCodec         *pCodec = NULL;
AVFrame         *pFrame = 0, *pFrameRGB = 0; 
AVPacket        packet;
AVDictionary    *optionsDict = NULL;
struct SwsContext *sws_ctx = NULL;
GLuint texture_video;

void av_init();
void draw_frame();

int main(int argc, const char **argv) {
  SDL_Event event;

  av_init();

  uint16_t width = fullscreen ? 1600 : pCodecCtx->width;
  uint16_t height = fullscreen ? 900 : pCodecCtx->height;

  SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING);
  SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_DOUBLEBUFFER, 1 );
  SDL_SetVideoMode(width, height, 32,
      SDL_OPENGL | SDL_HWPALETTE  | SDL_HWSURFACE | SDL_HWACCEL | 
      (fullscreen ? SDL_FULLSCREEN : 0)
      );

  glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
  glClearColor(0.0f, 0.4f, 0.4f, 0.0f);
  glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
  glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
  glLoadIdentity();
  glMatrixMode( GL_MODELVIEW );
  glLoadIdentity( );
  glShadeModel( GL_SMOOTH );
  glGenTextures(1, &texture_video);
  glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture_video); 
  glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, 
      0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pFrameRGB->data[0]);
  glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
  glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);

  sws_ctx = sws_getCachedContext(sws_ctx, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, 
      pCodecCtx->pix_fmt, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, CONV_FORMAT, 
      SWS_BICUBIC, NULL, NULL, NULL);

  while (1) {

    draw_frame();

    SDL_GL_SwapBuffers();

    SDL_PollEvent(&event);

    switch(event.type) {
      case SDL_QUIT:
        SDL_Quit();
        exit(0);
        break;
      case SDL_KEYDOWN:
        if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_ESCAPE) {
          SDL_Quit();
          exit(0);
        }
        break;
      default:
        break;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

void draw_frame() {
  if (av_read_frame(pFormatCtx, &packet)>=0) { 
    if(packet.stream_index==videoStream) {
      avcodec_decode_video2(pCodecCtx, pFrame, &frameFinished, &packet);
      if(frameFinished) {
        sws_scale (sws_ctx, (uint8_t const * const *)pFrame->data, 
            pFrame->linesize, 0, pCodecCtx->height, pFrameRGB->data, 
            pFrameRGB->linesize);
        glBindTexture( GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture_video );
        glTexParameteri( GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR );
        glTexParameteri( GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR );
        glTexSubImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0, 0, pCodecCtx->width, 
            pCodecCtx->height, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pFrameRGB->data[0]);
      }

      glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
      glScalef(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
      glBegin(GL_QUADS);
      glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f);
      glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f); 
      glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f);
      glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
      glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f);
      glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
      glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f);
      glVertex3f(1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f);
      glEnd();
      glScalef(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);

    }
    av_free_packet(&packet);
  } else {
    av_seek_frame(pFormatCtx, videoStream, 0,  AVSEEK_FLAG_FRAME);
  }

}

void av_init() {
  av_register_all();
  avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx, fname, NULL, NULL);
  avformat_find_stream_info(pFormatCtx, NULL);
  for(uint8_t i=0; i<pFormatCtx->nb_streams; i++)
    if(pFormatCtx->streams[i]->codec->codec_type==AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {
      videoStream=i;
      break;
    }
  pCodecCtx = pFormatCtx->streams[videoStream]->codec;
  pCodec = avcodec_find_decoder(pCodecCtx->codec_id);
  avcodec_open2(pCodecCtx, pCodec, &optionsDict);
  pFrame = avcodec_alloc_frame();
  pFrameRGB = avcodec_alloc_frame();
  int bytes = avpicture_get_size(CONV_FORMAT, pCodecCtx->width, 
    pCodecCtx->height);          
  uint8_t *video_buffer = (uint8_t*)av_malloc( bytes * sizeof(uint8_t) );
  avpicture_fill((AVPicture *)pFrameRGB, video_buffer, CONV_FORMAT,
      pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height);
}

Answer 1

在全屏模式下，您可能会获得 vsync，这意味着 SDL_GL_SwapBuffers() 将每帧阻塞 16 毫秒左右。

要在窗口模式下模拟效果，请在主 while(1) 循环的末尾添加一个 SDL_Delay(16)。

重写 draw_frame() 以便它抽取 libav 直到 它获得下一帧，而不是仅在每个主循环中抽取一次并且希望你得到一个框架:

// g++ main.cpp `pkg-config sdl gl libswscale libavcodec libavformat --libs --cflags` && SDL_VIDEO_FULLSCREEN_HEAD=0 ./a.out
#ifndef INT64_C
#define INT64_C(c) (int64_t)(c)
#define UINT64_C(c) (uint64_t)(c)
#endif

extern "C" {
#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
#include <libavformat/avformat.h>
#include <libswscale/swscale.h>
}
#include <SDL.h>
#include <GL/gl.h>

int fullscreen = 1, videoStream = -1, frameFinished=0;
const PixelFormat CONV_FORMAT = PIX_FMT_RGB24;
const char *fname = "/home/genpfault/vid.mpg";
AVFormatContext *pFormatCtx = NULL;
AVCodecContext  *pCodecCtx = NULL;
AVCodec         *pCodec = NULL;
AVFrame         *pFrame = 0, *pFrameRGB = 0; 
AVPacket        packet;
AVDictionary    *optionsDict = NULL;
struct SwsContext *sws_ctx = NULL;
GLuint texture_video;

void av_init();
void next_frame();

int main(int argc, const char **argv) {
  SDL_Event event;

  av_init();

  uint16_t width = fullscreen ? 1920 : pCodecCtx->width;
  uint16_t height = fullscreen ? 1200 : pCodecCtx->height;

  SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING);
  SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_DOUBLEBUFFER, 1 );
  SDL_SetVideoMode(width, height, 32,
      SDL_OPENGL | 
      (fullscreen ? SDL_FULLSCREEN : 0)
      );

  glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
  glClearColor(0.0f, 0.4f, 0.4f, 0.0f);
  glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
  glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
  glLoadIdentity();
  glMatrixMode( GL_MODELVIEW );
  glLoadIdentity( );
  glShadeModel( GL_SMOOTH );
  glGenTextures(1, &texture_video);
  glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture_video); 
  glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, 
      0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pFrameRGB->data[0]);
  glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
  glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);

  sws_ctx = sws_getCachedContext(sws_ctx, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, 
      pCodecCtx->pix_fmt, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, CONV_FORMAT, 
      SWS_BICUBIC, NULL, NULL, NULL);

  while (1) {

    while( SDL_PollEvent(&event) )
    {
        switch(event.type) {
          case SDL_QUIT:
            SDL_Quit();
            exit(0);
            break;
          case SDL_KEYDOWN:
            if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_ESCAPE) {
              SDL_Quit();
              exit(0);
            }
            break;
          default:
            break;
        }
    }

    next_frame();

    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
    glBindTexture( GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture_video );
    glScalef(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
    glBegin(GL_QUADS);
    glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f);
    glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f); 
    glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f);
    glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
    glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f);
    glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
    glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f);
    glVertex3f(1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f);
    glEnd();
    glScalef(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);

    SDL_GL_SwapBuffers();
  }
  return 0;
}

void next_frame() 
{
    while( true )
    {
        if( av_read_frame(pFormatCtx, &packet) >= 0 ) 
        { 
            if( packet.stream_index == videoStream ) 
            {
                avcodec_decode_video2(pCodecCtx, pFrame, &frameFinished, &packet);
                if(frameFinished) 
                {
                    sws_scale (sws_ctx, (uint8_t const * const *)pFrame->data, 
                    pFrame->linesize, 0, pCodecCtx->height, pFrameRGB->data, 
                    pFrameRGB->linesize);
                    glBindTexture( GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture_video );
                    glTexParameteri( GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR );
                    glTexParameteri( GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR );
                    glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
                    glTexSubImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0, 0, pCodecCtx->width, 
                    pCodecCtx->height, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pFrameRGB->data[0]);
                    break;
                }
            }
            av_free_packet(&packet);
        } 
        else 
        {
            av_seek_frame(pFormatCtx, videoStream, 0,  AVSEEK_FLAG_FRAME);
        }        
    }
}

void av_init() {
  av_register_all();
  avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx, fname, NULL, NULL);
  avformat_find_stream_info(pFormatCtx, NULL);
  for(uint8_t i=0; i<pFormatCtx->nb_streams; i++)
    if(pFormatCtx->streams[i]->codec->codec_type==AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {
      videoStream=i;
      break;
    }
  pCodecCtx = pFormatCtx->streams[videoStream]->codec;
  pCodec = avcodec_find_decoder(pCodecCtx->codec_id);
  avcodec_open2(pCodecCtx, pCodec, &optionsDict);
  pFrame = avcodec_alloc_frame();
  pFrameRGB = avcodec_alloc_frame();
  int bytes = avpicture_get_size(CONV_FORMAT, pCodecCtx->width, 
    pCodecCtx->height);          
  uint8_t *video_buffer = (uint8_t*)av_malloc( bytes * sizeof(uint8_t) );
  avpicture_fill((AVPicture *)pFrameRGB, video_buffer, CONV_FORMAT,
      pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height);
}