python - 在 pybind11 中引用 C++ 分配的对象

Question

我正在尝试使用 pybind11 创建一个 python 绑定(bind)，它引用一个 C++ 实例，其内存在 C++ 端处理。下面是一些示例代码:

import <pybind11/pybind11>

struct Dog {
    void bark() { printf("Bark!\n"); }
};

int main()
{
  auto dog = new Dog;
  Py_Initialize();
  initexample(); // Initialize the example python module for import 

  // TBD - Add binding  between dog and example.dog .

  PyRun_StringFlags("import example\n"
                    "\n"
                    "example.dog.bark()\n"  // Access the C++ allocated object dog.
                    , Py_file_input, main_dict, main_dict, NULL);
  Py_Finalize();
}

我卡在如何在 python example.dog 之间创建链接和 C++ dog多变的。

我不能使用 py:class_<Dog>.def(py::init<>())因为这将分配一个新实例 Dog ，这不是我想要的。

Answer 1

我找到了我自己问题的答案。技巧是以下两个概念的组合:

• 创建一个返回单例的独立函数。
• 创建到单例类的绑定(bind)而不绑定(bind)构造函数。

以下示例说明了该技术:

#include <Python.h>
#include <pybind11/pybind11.h>

namespace py = pybind11;
using namespace pybind11::literals;

// Singleton to wrap
struct Singleton
{
  Singleton() : x(0) {}

  int exchange(int n)  // set x and return the old value
  {
    std::swap(n, x);
    return n;
  }

  // Singleton reference 
  static Singleton& instance()
  {
    static Singleton just_one;
    return just_one;
  }

  int x;
};

PYBIND11_PLUGIN(example) {
    py::module m("example", "pybind11 example plugin");

    // Use this function to get access to the singleton
    m.def("get_instance",
          &Singleton::instance,
          py::return_value_policy::reference,
          "Get reference to the singleton");

    // Declare the singleton methods
    py::class_<Singleton>(m, "Singleton")
      // No init!
      .def("exchange",
           &Singleton::exchange,
           "n"_a,
           "Exchange and return the current value"
           )
      ;

    return m.ptr();
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
  Py_Initialize();

  PyObject* main_module = PyImport_AddModule("__main__");
  PyObject* main_dict = PyModule_GetDict(main_module);

  initexample();

  // Call singleton from c++
  Singleton::instance().exchange(999);

  // Populate the example class with two static pointers to our instance.
  if (PyRun_StringFlags("import example\n"
                        "\n"
                        "example.s1 = example.get_instance()\n"
                        "example.s2 = example.get_instance()\n",
                        Py_file_input, main_dict, main_dict, NULL) == nullptr)
      PyErr_Print();

  // Test referencing the singleton references
  if (PyRun_StringFlags("from example import *\n"
                        "\n"
                        "for i in range(3):\n"
                        "  print s1.exchange(i*2+1)\n"
                        "  print s2.exchange(i*2+2)\n"
                        "print dir(s1)\n"
                        "print help(s1.exchange)\n"
                        ,
                        Py_file_input, main_dict, main_dict, NULL) == nullptr)
      PyErr_Print();

  Py_Finalize();

  exit(0);
}