java - jackson 多态性: Nested Subtypes

Question

是否可以以嵌套方式使用多个@JsonSubType注释？

例如，想象以下类:

@Data
@JsonSubTypeInfo(include=As.EXISTING_PROPERTY, property="species", use=Id.NAME, visible=true)
@JsonSubTypes({
  @Type(name="Dog", value=Dog.class)
  @Type(name="Cat", value=Cat.class)
})
public abstract class Animal {
  private String name;
  private String species;
}

@Data
@JsonSubTypeInfo(include=As.EXISTING_PROPERTY, property="breed", use=Id.NAME, visible=true)
@JsonSubTypes({
  @Type(name="Labrador", value=Labrador.class)
  @Type(name="Bulldog", value=Bulldog.class)
})
public abstract class Dog extends Animal {
  private String breed;
}

@Data
public class Cat extends Animal {
  private boolean lovesCatnip;
}

@Data
public class Labrador extends Dog {
  private String color;
}

@Data
public class Bulldog extends Dog {
  private String type; // "frenchy", "english", etc..
}

如果我使用对象映射器，我可以成功地将 Bulldog 映射到 JSON，但是，当尝试读取生成的 JSON 并将其读回时，我会收到如下错误:

Can not construct instance of com.example.Dog abstract types either need to be mapped to concrete types, have custom deserializer, or contain additional type information

是否有可能让 jackson 使用这样的子类型？我需要为每个子类创建一个自定义反序列化器吗？

编辑:

我对原来的帖子稍作修改了上面的类。我添加了一个 Cat 类，并让该类和 Dog 从 Animal 扩展。

以下是可以使用 ObjectMapper::writeValueAsString 创建的示例 JSON:

{
  "name": null,
  "species": "Dog",
  "breed": "Bulldog",
  "type": "B-Dog"
}

Answer 1

如果我使用 @JsonTypeInfo 和与您类似的设置，则以下内容有效。也许你的问题出在你的反序列化代码中，所以看看这个:

public class MyTest {

    @Test
    public void test() throws IOException {
        final Bulldog bulldog = new Bulldog();
        bulldog.setBreed("Bulldog");
        bulldog.setType("B-Dog");

        final ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
        final String json = om.writeValueAsString(bulldog);
        final Dog deserialized = om.readValue(json, Dog.class);
        assertTrue(deserialized instanceof Bulldog);

    }

    @JsonTypeInfo(include = As.EXISTING_PROPERTY, property = "species", use = Id.NAME, visible = true)
    @JsonSubTypes({
            @Type(name = "Dog", value = Dog.class),
            @Type(name = "Cat", value = Cat.class)
    })

    public static abstract class Animal {

        private String name;
        private String species;
    }

    @JsonTypeInfo(include = As.EXISTING_PROPERTY, property = "breed", use = Id.NAME, visible = true)
    @JsonSubTypes({
            @Type(name = "Labrador", value = Labrador.class),
            @Type(name = "Bulldog", value = Bulldog.class)
    })
    public static abstract class Dog {

        private String breed;

        public String getBreed() {
            return breed;
        }

        public void setBreed(final String breed) {
            this.breed = breed;
        }
    }

    public static abstract class Cat {

        private String name;
    }

    public static class Labrador extends Dog {

        private String color;

        public String getColor() {
            return color;
        }

        public void setColor(final String color) {
            this.color = color;
        }
    }

    public static class Bulldog extends Dog {

        private String type; // "frenchy", "english", etc..

        public String getType() {
            return type;
        }

        public void setType(final String type) {
            this.type = type;
        }
    }
}

针对更新的问题进行了编辑:如果您可以对继承层次结构使用相同的属性(在以下代码中为隐藏属性“@class”)，则它可以工作:

    @Test
public void test() throws IOException {
    final Bulldog bulldog = new Bulldog();
    // bulldog.setSpecies("Dog");
    // bulldog.setBreed("Bulldog");
    bulldog.setType("B-Dog");

    final ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
    final String json = om.writeValueAsString(bulldog);
    final Animal deserialized = om.readValue(json, Animal.class);
    assertTrue(deserialized instanceof Bulldog);

}

@JsonTypeInfo(include = As.PROPERTY, use = Id.CLASS, visible = false)
@JsonSubTypes({
        @Type(Dog.class),
        @Type(Cat.class)
})
public static abstract class Animal {

}

@JsonTypeInfo(include = As.PROPERTY, use = Id.CLASS, visible = false)
@JsonSubTypes({
        @Type(name = "Labrador", value = Labrador.class),
        @Type(name = "Bulldog", value = Bulldog.class)
})
public static abstract class Dog
        extends Animal {

}

如果您想设置动物类型(例如计算物种、品种等)，您也可以使用此设置:

@Test
public void test() throws IOException {
    final Bulldog bulldog = new Bulldog();
    bulldog.setAnimalType("Bulldog");
    // bulldog.setSpecies("Dog");
    // bulldog.setBreed("Bulldog");
    bulldog.setType("B-Dog");

    final ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
    final String json = om.writeValueAsString(bulldog);
    System.out.println(json);
    final Animal deserialized = om.readValue(json, Animal.class);
    assertTrue(deserialized instanceof Bulldog);

}

@JsonTypeInfo(include = As.EXISTING_PROPERTY, property = "animalType", use = Id.NAME, visible = true)
@JsonSubTypes({
        @Type(Dog.class)
})
public static abstract class Animal {

    private String animalType;

    public String getAnimalType() {
        return animalType;
    }

    public void setAnimalType(final String animalType) {
        this.animalType = animalType;
    }
}

@JsonTypeInfo(include = As.EXISTING_PROPERTY, property = "animalType", use = Id.NAME, visible = true)
@JsonSubTypes({
        @Type(value = Bulldog.class)
})
public static abstract class Dog
        extends Animal {

}

@JsonTypeName("Bulldog")
public static class Bulldog extends Dog {

    private String type; // "frenchy", "english", etc..

    public String getType() {
        return type;
    }

    public void setType(final String type) {
        this.type = type;
    }
}