c++ - C++ 中的遗传算法优化

Question

我正在寻找添加或省略代码的有效方法，以帮助我的遗传算法程序更快地返回结果。该程序的目标是接受一个字符串并创建尽可能匹配的其他字符串。无论哪个新制作的字符串与最接近的(前 5 个)匹配并与其他字符串匹配并产生后代(其中一些具有将新随机数放入字符串而不影响长度的突变)。一切正常，但要使一些较长的字符串(4 及以上)完美匹配，需要花费难以估量的几代人。抱歉 tl;dr 长度，但这是我当前的代码。批评走!

    #include "stdio.h"
    #include "fstream"
    #include "ctime"
    #include "iostream"
    #include "string"
    #include "windows.h"

    #define CHARACTERS 16
    #define STRINGS 100
    /*
    Enter String(max 16 chars)
    Generate 100 words of the same length
    Check for Fitness(how close each word is to the string)
    Every generation: display top 5
    Clone the top 5
    Top 20 reproduce(mix each other's chars)
    1/1000 chance the children might mutate(each newly mixed string or char might have a completely random number)

    */

    typedef struct _stringHolder
    {
        char randString[CHARACTERS];
        int fitness;
    }StringHolder;


//Randomly generate 100 words
void generate(char *myString, StringHolder *SH)
{
    unsigned seed = time(0);
    srand(seed);
        //int i = 0;
    int j = 0;
    char randChar;
        //char showString[CHARACTERS];
    for(int i=0; i<STRINGS; i++)
    {
        for(int j=0; j<strlen(myString); j++)
        {
            randChar = ('a' + (rand() %26));
            SH[i].randString[j] = randChar;
        }
        //limiter so that it doesn't crash
        SH[i].randString[strlen(myString)] = 0;
    }
}

//Check the similarity of the random strings to the original string.
void getFitness(char *myString, StringHolder *SH)
{
    for(int i=0; i<STRINGS; i++)
    {
        for(int j=0; j<strlen(myString); j++)
        {
            if(SH[i].randString[j] == myString[j])
            { SH[i].fitness++; }
        }
    }
}

//Sort the strings
void sortByFitness(char *myString, StringHolder *SH)
{

        bool swapped = 1;
        while(swapped)
        {
            swapped = 0;
            for(int a=0; a<STRINGS-1; a++)
            {
                if(SH[a].fitness < SH[a+1].fitness)
                {
                    swapped = 1;


                        StringHolder temp[STRINGS]; 
                        temp[a] = SH[a+1]/*.randString[i]*/;
                        SH[a+1]/*.randString[i]*/ = SH[a]/*.randString[i]*/;
                        SH[a]/*.randString[i]*/ = temp[a];

                    /*if(SH[a].fitness < SH[a+1].fitness)
                    { swapped = 0; }*/
                }
            }
        }//while
}

//Clone the Top 5 strings
void cloneTopFive(char *myString, StringHolder *SH, StringHolder *cloneString)
{
    for(int i=0; i<5; i++)
    {       
            cloneString[i]/*.randString[j]*/ = SH[i]/*.randString[j]*/;
            //printf("cloneString[%d] now holds %s.\n", i, SH[i].randString);

    }
}
//Reproduce the Top 20 strings by mixing and matching elements between strings
void reproduceTopTwenty(char *myString, StringHolder *SH /*char *cloneString*/)
{
    /*for(int h=5; h<95; h++)
    {*/
        for(int i=0; i<20; i++)
        {
            for(int j=0; j<strlen(myString)-1; j++)
            {
                //char temp[16];
                //temp[i] = 
                SH[i].randString[j] = SH[1 + (rand() %20)].randString[1 + (rand() %strlen(myString)-1)];
                int randomNumber;
                randomNumber = (1 +(rand() %100));
                if(randomNumber == 7)
                {
                    SH[i].randString[1 + (rand() %strlen(myString)-1)] = ('a' + (rand() %26));
                }
            }
        }

}
//Randomize the other 75 numbers and place the cloned Top 5 at the end of the String Holder(SH)
void randomizeOther75(char *myString, StringHolder *SH, StringHolder *cloneString)
{
    for(int i=20; i<STRINGS; i++)
    {
        for(int j=0; j<strlen(myString); j++)
        {
            SH[i].randString[j] = ('a' + (rand() %26));
        }
    }

    for(int i=0; i<5; i++)
    {
        for(int j=0; j<strlen(myString); j++)
        {
            int v = i + 94;
            SH[v].randString[j] = cloneString[i].randString[j];
        }
    }

}
void printGen(char *myString, StringHolder *SH)
{
    for(int i=0; i<5; i++)
        {       
            if(SH[i].fitness == strlen(myString))
             { printf("%s has %d fitness. Perfection!\n", SH[i].randString, SH[i].fitness); }
            else
             printf("%s has %d fitness.\n", SH[i].randString, SH[i].fitness);
        }
}
void main()
{
    char myString[CHARACTERS];
    StringHolder cloneString[5];
    StringHolder SH[STRINGS];
    for(int i=0; i<STRINGS; i++)
    { SH[i].fitness = 0; }

    printf("Enter your name(no whitespaces): ");
    scanf("%s", myString);
    /*while(strlen(myString) >= CHARACTERS)
    {
        printf("Please type a string with less than 16 characters\n");
        scanf("%s", myString);
    }*/
    //printf("%s\n", myString);

    //first generation
    generate(myString, SH);
    int gen = 0;
    while(1)
    {   
        char x = ' ';
    /*  printf("Insert something. Anything!");
        scanf(&x);*/


        /*char newString[CHARACTERS];
        for(int i=0; i<5; i++)
        {
            for( int j=0; j< strlen(myString); j++)
            {           
                newString[j] = SH[i].randString[j]; 
            }
            newString[strlen(myString)] = 0;
            printf("%s has %d fitness.\n", newString, SH[i].fitness);
        }*/

        printf("\n");
        while(x==' ')
        {
            printf("Generation %d: \n", gen);
            getFitness(myString, SH);
            sortByFitness(myString, SH);

            printGen(myString, SH);

            for(int i=0; i<STRINGS; i++)
            { SH[i].fitness = 0; }

            cloneTopFive(myString, SH, cloneString);
            reproduceTopTwenty(myString, SH);
            randomizeOther75(myString, SH, cloneString);
            /*getFitness(myString, SH);
            sortByFitness(myString, SH);

            for(int i=0; i<5; i++)
            {
                printf("%s has %d fitness.\n", SH[i].randString, SH[i].fitness);
            }
            printf("\n");*/

            //printf("\nInsert ' ' to continue!\n");

            //scanf("%c",&x);
            gen++;
        }   
}

Answer 1

GA 收敛不佳的一个重要原因是您的适应度函数。忽略程序其他部分的潜在编码错误，您所做的只是奖励完全匹配的字母。健身景观是这样的(害怕我的 ASCII 艺术!):

___________   ___________           | |           |_|a b c d e f G h i j k l m

其中 G 是所需的字母。该算法不知道如何找到 G，而是完全靠运气。您基本上已经实现了随机字母暴力搜索。

使适应度函数奖励“接近”正确的解决方案，收敛速度会更快。还可以调整种群参数、突变、交叉等。