c++ - 将我的自定义迭代器与 STL 算法一起使用

Question

我正在尝试创建我自己的迭代器，并且我已经使用 std::generate 算法使其按预期工作。但是，当我尝试 std::find 的 std::max_element 时，我遇到了一些神秘的错误。

这是我的迭代器的接口(interface):

template <typename GridT,
          typename GridPtr,
          typename GridRef,
          template <typename> class ShapeT>
class GridIterator
{
public:
    typedef GridIterator<GridT, GridPtr, GridRef, ShapeT> Iterator;

    // Iterator traits - typedefs and types required to be STL compliant
    typedef std::ptrdiff_t           difference_type;
    typedef typename GridT::Element  value_type;
    typedef typename GridT::Element* pointer;
    typedef typename GridT::Element& reference;
    typedef size_t                      size_type;
    std::forward_iterator_tag          iterator_category;


    GridIterator(GridT& grid,
                 ShapeT<typename GridT::Resolution> shape,
                 Index iterStartIndex);

    ~GridIterator();

    Iterator& operator++();
    Iterator  operator++(int);

    typename GridT::Element& operator*();
    typename GridT::Element* operator->();

    bool operator!=(const GridIterator& rhs) const;
    bool operator==(const GridIterator& rhs) const;
    ....

使用 std::find，我得到这个错误:

In file included from /usr/include/c++/4.6/algorithm:63:0,from ./grid/Map_Grid.h:11,from main.cpp:4: /usr/include/c++/4.6/bits/stl_algo.h: In function ‘_IIterstd::find(_IIter, _IIter, const _Tp&) [with _IIter =Map::GridIterator<Map::Grid<double, int>, Map::Grid<double, int>,Map::Grid<double, int>&, Map::Rectangle>, _Tp = int]’:main.cpp:103:50: instantiated from here/usr/include/c++/4.6/bits/stl_algo.h:4404:45: error: no matchingfunction for call to‘__iterator_category(Map::GridIterator<Map::Grid<double, int>,Map::Grid<double, int>, Map::Grid<double, int>&, Map::Rectangle>&)’/usr/include/c++/4.6/bits/stl_algo.h:4404:45: note: candidate is:/usr/include/c++/4.6/bits/stl_iterator_base_types.h:202:5: note:template typename std::iterator_traits::iterator_categorystd::__iterator_category(const _Iter&)

使用 std::max_element :

In file included from /usr/include/c++/4.6/bits/char_traits.h:41:0,from /usr/include/c++/4.6/ios:41,from /usr/include/c++/4.6/ostream:40,from /usr/include/c++/4.6/iostream:40,from ./grid/Map_GridIterator.h:7,from ./grid/Map_Grid.h:8,from main.cpp:4: /usr/include/c++/4.6/bits/stl_algobase.h: In function ‘const _Tp&std::max(const _Tp&, const _Tp&) [with _Tp =Map::GridIterator<Map::Grid<double, int>, Map::Grid<double, int>,Map::Grid<double, int>&, Map::Rectangle>]’: main.cpp:102:60:instantiated from here /usr/include/c++/4.6/bits/stl_algobase.h:215:7:error: no match for ‘operator<’ in ‘__a < __b’/usr/include/c++/4.6/bits/stl_algobase.h:215:7: note: candidates are:/usr/include/c++/4.6/bits/stl_pair.h:207:5: note: template<class _T1,class _T2> constexpr bool std::operator<(const std::pair<_T1, _T2>&,const std::pair<_T1, _T2>&)/usr/include/c++/4.6/bits/stl_iterator.h:291:5: note: template bool std::operator<(const std::reverse_iterator<_Iterator>&, conststd::reverse_iterator<_Iterator>&)/usr/include/c++/4.6/bits/stl_iterator.h:341:5: note: template<class_IteratorL, class _IteratorR> bool std::operator<(const std::reverse_iterator<_IteratorL>&, conststd::reverse_iterator<_IteratorR>&)/usr/include/c++/4.6/bits/stl_iterator.h:1049:5: note: template<class_IteratorL, class _IteratorR> bool std::operator<(const std::move_iterator<_IteratorL>&, conststd::move_iterator<_IteratorR>&)/usr/include/c++/4.6/bits/stl_iterator.h:1055:5: note: template bool std::operator<(const std::move_iterator<_Iterator>&, const std::move_iterator<_Iterator>&)/usr/include/c++/4.6/bits/basic_string.h:2510:5: note: template<class_CharT, class _Traits, class _Alloc> bool std::operator<(const std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&, conststd::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&)/usr/include/c++/4.6/bits/basic_string.h:2522:5: note: template<class_CharT, class _Traits, class _Alloc> bool std::operator<(const std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&, const _CharT)/usr/include/c++/4.6/bits/basic_string.h:2534:5: note: template<class_CharT, class _Traits, class _Alloc> bool std::operator<(const _CharT*, const std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&) /usr/include/c++/4.6/bits/stl_vector.h:1290:5: note: template<class_Tp, class _Alloc> bool std::operator<(const std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>&, const std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>&) /usr/include/c++/4.6/tuple:586:5: note: template<class ... _TElements,class ... _UElements> bool std::operator<(const std::tuple<_TElements...>&, const std::tuple<_Elements ...>&)

Answer 1

您缺少用于声明指示迭代器类别的别名的 typedef 关键字:

// Iterator traits - typedefs and types required to be STL compliant
//...
typedef std::forward_iterator_tag iterator_category;
~~~~~~^

如果没有 typedef，您实际上是在声明一个数据成员。

为避免此类错误，您可以使用 std::iterator类模板作为基类，而不是自己定义这些别名:

class GridIterator : public std::iterator<std::forward_iterator_tag
                                        , typename GridT::Element>