android - 如何在 Android Studio 中为 android buildToolsVersion 或 targetSdkVersion 声明/配置正确的 gradle 依赖项？

Question

每当我在 Android Studio 中设置新项目或降级 targetSdkVersion 时，我都会多次遇到这个问题。

Gradle build system start complaining about dependencies "Failed to resolve: com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:21.1.2" or something else. 

我的问题是:

gradle依赖版本和targetSdkVersion/compileSdkVersion/buildToolsVersion有关系吗？如果是，那么它是如何计算的，我如何配置和找出正确的依赖关系而无需每次都使用谷歌搜索？

在我当前的项目中我的build.gradle文件

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
android {
compileSdkVersion 23
buildToolsVersion "23.0.3"



defaultConfig {
    applicationId "com.mukesh.manageinvestment"
    minSdkVersion 8
    targetSdkVersion 23
    versionCode 1
    versionName "1.0.0"
}

def siteURL = '"'+WebsiteURL+'"'
def gameURL = '"'+GamesURL+'"'

signingConfigs{
    debug{

    }

    release{

    }
}

buildTypes {
    debug{
        minifyEnabled false
        buildConfigField "String", "BaseURL", siteURL
        buildConfigField "String", "GameURL", gameURL
        signingConfig signingConfigs.release
    }

    release {
        minifyEnabled true
        buildConfigField "String", "BaseURL", siteURL
        buildConfigField "String", "GameURL", gameURL
        proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        signingConfig signingConfigs.release
    }
}
}
dependencies {
compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.1.1'
compile 'com.jakewharton:butterknife:7.0.1'
compile 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:23.1.1'
compile 'com.squareup.picasso:picasso:2.4.0'
}

我已将 targetSdkVersion 23 更改为 21，我当前的 build.gradle 看起来像这样

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
android {
compileSdkVersion 21
buildToolsVersion "21.1.2"



defaultConfig {
    applicationId "com.devendraprasad.manageinvestment"
    minSdkVersion 8
    targetSdkVersion 21
    versionCode 1
    versionName "1.0.0"
}

def siteURL = '"'+WebsiteURL+'"'
def gameURL = '"'+GamesURL+'"'

signingConfigs{
    debug{

    }

    release{

    }
}

buildTypes {
    debug{
        minifyEnabled false
        buildConfigField "String", "BaseURL", siteURL
        buildConfigField "String", "GameURL", gameURL
        signingConfig signingConfigs.release
    }

    release {
        minifyEnabled true
        buildConfigField "String", "BaseURL", siteURL
        buildConfigField "String", "GameURL", gameURL
        proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        signingConfig signingConfigs.release
    }
}
}
dependencies {
compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:21.1.2'
compile 'com.jakewharton:butterknife:7.0.1'
compile 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:21.1.2'
compile 'com.squareup.picasso:picasso:2.4.0'
}

一切看起来都很好，依赖版本与 targetSdkVersion 和 buildToolsVersion 匹配，但应用程序仍未编译。它给出了这个错误

Information:Gradle tasks [:app:assembleDebug]

错误:配置项目“:app”时出现问题。

Could not resolve all dependencies for configuration ':app:_debugCompile'. Could not find com.android.support:appcompat-v7:21.1.2. Searched in the following locations: file:/C:/Program Files/Android/Android Studio1/gradle/m2repository/com/android/support/appcompat-v7/21.1.2/appcompat-v7-21.1.2.pom file:/C:/Program Files/Android/Android Studio1/gradle/m2repository/com/android/support/appcompat-v7/21.1.2/appcompat-v7-21.1.2.jar https://jcenter.bintray.com/com/android/support/appcompat-v7/21.1.2/appcompat-v7-21.1.2.pom https://jcenter.bintray.com/com/android/support/appcompat-v7/21.1.2/appcompat-v7-21.1.2.jar file:/F:/Software/android-sdk-windows/extras/android/m2repository/com/android/support/appcompat-v7/21.1.2/appcompat-v7-21.1.2.pom file:/F:/Software/android-sdk-windows/extras/android/m2repository/com/android/support/appcompat-v7/21.1.2/appcompat-v7-21.1.2.jar file:/F:/Software/android-sdk-windows/extras/google/m2repository/com/android/support/appcompat-v7/21.1.2/appcompat-v7-21.1.2.pom file:/F:/Software/android-sdk-windows/extras/google/m2repository/com/android/support/appcompat-v7/21.1.2/appcompat-v7-21.1.2.jar Required by: ManageInvestment:app:unspecified Could not find com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:21.1.2. Searched in the following locations: file:/C:/Program Files/Android/Android Studio1/gradle/m2repository/com/android/support/recyclerview-v7/21.1.2/recyclerview-v7-21.1.2.pom file:/C:/Program Files/Android/Android Studio1/gradle/m2repository/com/android/support/recyclerview-v7/21.1.2/recyclerview-v7-21.1.2.jar https://jcenter.bintray.com/com/android/support/recyclerview-v7/21.1.2/recyclerview-v7-21.1.2.pom https://jcenter.bintray.com/com/android/support/recyclerview-v7/21.1.2/recyclerview-v7-21.1.2.jar file:/F:/Software/android-sdk-windows/extras/android/m2repository/com/android/support/recyclerview-v7/21.1.2/recyclerview-v7-21.1.2.pom file:/F:/Software/android-sdk-windows/extras/android/m2repository/com/android/support/recyclerview-v7/21.1.2/recyclerview-v7-21.1.2.jar file:/F:/Software/android-sdk-windows/extras/google/m2repository/com/android/support/recyclerview-v7/21.1.2/recyclerview-v7-21.1.2.pom file:/F:/Software/android-sdk-windows/extras/google/m2repository/com/android/support/recyclerview-v7/21.1.2/recyclerview-v7-21.1.2.jar Required by: ManageInvestment:app:unspecified Information:BUILD FAILED Information:Total time: 7.733 secs Information:1 error Information:0 warnings Information:See complete output in console

PS:附上我的sdk管理器截图

Answer 1

这是因为21.1.2 的支持库不存在。

使用其中之一:

21.0.0
21.0.2
21.0.3
22.0.0
22.1.0
22.1.1
22.2.0
22.2.1
23.0.0
23.0.1
23.1.0
23.1.1
23.2.0
23.3.0
23.4.0
24.0.0
24.1.0
24.1.1
24.2.0
24.2.1

Is there any relation between version of gradle dependencies and targetSdkVersion/compileSdkVersion/buildToolsVersion? If yes then how it is calculated and how do I configure and figure out correct dependencies without googling every time?

compileSdkVersion与支持库的主版本有关系。

使用 compileSdkVersion=21 和支持库 v21。
使用 compileSdkVersion=22 和支持库 v22。
使用 compileSdkVersion=23 和支持库 v23。
使用支持库 v24 的 compileSdkVersion=24。

通常，支持库的新版本会与新平台版本一起发布，为新添加的 API 和新功能提供兼容性垫片。