c++ - 在 Mac OS-X 上编译 C++ 程序时出现 "framework not found"

Question

我确实需要一些帮助来解决这个问题。自 5 天以来，我一直在努力解决这个问题，当我尝试了几乎所有我能在互联网上找到的想法时，我快要疯了……


当我使用 Cmake 生成的 makefile 编译我的 C++ 项目时，代码编译到 100%，但随后无法链接 OGRE 框架并退出并出现错误 1。

由于我无法使用自己的项目进行编译，而且我的程序无法找到的框架是 OGRE 框架，所以我尝试使用 files随 Ogre3D 设置一起提供 tutorial最大限度地简化问题。但问题和错误仍然完全相同，编译过程停止:

ld: framework not found OGRE

我试图将 OgreSDK/lib/release 中的 Ogre.framework 复制到系统的默认/Library/Framework 以及这台计算机上几乎所有地方，包括项目文件夹(对 OgreFindFrameWork.cmake 文件进行了修改)，尤其是 OgreFindFrameWork.cmake 文件所针对的所有文件夹，但此错误仍然存​​在。

我也尝试了很多Cmake修改或使用Xcode编译，但由于它总是以相同的错误信息结束，我决定用最简单的一个来说明这个问题。因此，以下信息与上面指出的 OGRETutorialFramework 调试项目有关。

有谁能解释我需要更改什么以使链接器能够找到定义的框架(我想这不是 Ogre 框架特有的问题，我可能会在另一个框架中遇到相同的错误)？

谢谢。

以下部分索引:
- 1/制作日志
- 2/OGRETutorialFramework的CMakeFile.txt
- 3/使用软件的版本

---

- 1/make 生成和构建日志

这是生成过程的日志:

Valkeas-Mac:OGRETutorialFramework root# make
-- Checking whether C compiler has -isysroot - yes
-- Checking whether C compiler supports OSX deployment target flag - yes
-- Checking whether CXX compiler has -isysroot - yes
-- Checking whether CXX compiler supports OSX deployment target flag - yes
-- Detected g++ 4.0.1

-- Enabling GCC visibility flags
-- Looking for OGRE...
-- OGRE_PREFIX_WATCH changed.
-- Found Ogre Cthugha (1.7.3)
-- Found OGRE: -framework OGRE
-- Looking for OGRE_Paging...
-- Found OGRE_Paging: -framework OGRE
-- Looking for OGRE_Terrain...
-- Found OGRE_Terrain: /Volumes/Data/OgreSDK/lib/libOgreTerrain.dylib
-- Looking for OGRE_Property...
-- Found OGRE_Property: /Volumes/Data/OgreSDK/lib/libOgreProperty.dylib
-- Looking for OGRE_RTShaderSystem...
-- Found OGRE_RTShaderSystem: /Volumes/Data/OgreSDK/lib/libOgreRTShaderSystem.dylib
-- Looking for OIS...
-- Found OIS: /Volumes/Data/OgreSDK/lib/release/libOIS.a
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done

如您所见，已找到框架(-- Found OGRE: -framework OGRE)。

这是构建过程的日志:

-- Build files have been written to: /var/root/Desktop/OGRETutorialFramework
Scanning dependencies of target OGRETutorialFramework
[ 50%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/OGRETutorialFramework.dir/BaseApplication.cpp.o
[100%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/OGRETutorialFramework.dir/TutorialApplication.cpp.o
Linking CXX executable OGRETutorialFramework.app/Contents/MacOS/OGRETutorialFramework
ld: framework not found OGRE
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make[2]: *** [OGRETutorialFramework.app/Contents/MacOS/OGRETutorialFramework] Error 1
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/OGRETutorialFramework.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [all] Error 2
Valkeas-Mac:OGRETutorialFramework root#

如你所见，它无法找到 OGRE 框架(ld: framework not found OGRE)

---

- 2/OGRETutorialFramework调试工程的CMakeFile.txt

我的 Ogre SDK 位于我的第二个名为“Data”的硬盘上，所以我使用路径:/Volumes/Data/OgreSDK

这是我当前用于 OGRETutorialFramework 的 CMakeList.txt(在 Ogre 设置教程中提供的那个，略微修改以匹配我的文件夹路径)。

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.6)
set(CMAKE_ALLOW_LOOSE_LOOP_CONSTRUCTS TRUE)
cmake_policy(SET CMP0003 NEW)

set(OGRE_HOME "/Volumes/Data/OgreSDK")
set(Boost_INCLUDE_DIR "${OGRE_HOME}/boost_1_46_1")

# Use relative paths
# This is mostly to reduce path size for command-line limits on windows
if(WIN32)
  # This seems to break Xcode projects so definitely don't enable on Apple builds
  set(CMAKE_USE_RELATIVE_PATHS true)
  set(CMAKE_SUPPRESS_REGENERATION true)
  set(CMAKE_MODULE_PATH "${OGRE_HOME}/CMake/;${CMAKE_MODULE_PATH}")
  set(OGRE_SAMPLES_INCLUDEPATH
      ${OGRE_HOME}/Samples/include)
endif()

# Assign compiler for Mac OS X-based systems
# NOTE: This logic is order-dependent and must occur here because the
# configuration phase of CMake projects will fall into an infinite loop
# if compiler assignments are modified after issuing a project(...) command.
#
if (OGRE_BUILD_PLATFORM_IPHONE)
  # Force gcc <= 4.2 on iPhone
  include(CMakeForceCompiler)
  CMAKE_FORCE_C_COMPILER(gcc-4.2 GNU)
  CMAKE_FORCE_CXX_COMPILER(gcc-4.2 GNU)
elseif (APPLE AND NOT OGRE_BUILD_PLATFORM_IPHONE)
  # Force gcc <= 4.0 on Mac OS X because 4.2 is not supported prior to Mac OS X 10.5
  include(CMakeForceCompiler)
  CMAKE_FORCE_C_COMPILER(gcc-4.0 GNU)
  CMAKE_FORCE_CXX_COMPILER(gcc-4.0 GNU)
endif ()

set(OGRE_PROJECT_NAME
  "OGRETutorialFramework"
)

set(CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/build/bin")

project(${OGRE_PROJECT_NAME})

# Include necessary submodules
# set(OGRE_SOURCE_DIR "/Applications/OgreSDK")
set(OGRE_SOURCE_DIR "/Volumes/Data/OgreSDK")
set(CMAKE_MODULE_PATH 
  "${OGRE_SOURCE_DIR}/CMake"
  "${OGRE_SOURCE_DIR}/CMake/Utils" 
  "${OGRE_SOURCE_DIR}/CMake/Packages"
)
set(OGRE_SAMPLES_INCLUDEPATH
  "${OGRE_SOURCE_DIR}/Samples/Common/include"
)
include(CMakeDependentOption)
include(CheckCXXCompilerFlag)
include(MacroLogFeature)
include(OgreConfigTargets)
include(PreprocessorUtils)
set(OGRE_TEMPLATES_DIR "${OGRE_SOURCE_DIR}/CMake/Templates")


#####################################################################
# Set up the basic build environment
#####################################################################

if (CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "")
  # CMake defaults to leaving CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE empty. This screws up
  # differentiation between debug and release builds.
  set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "RelWithDebInfo" CACHE STRING "Choose the type of build, options are: None (CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS or CMAKE_C_FLAGS used) Debug Release RelWithDebInfo MinSizeRel." FORCE)
endif ()

if (NOT APPLE)
  # Create debug libraries with _d postfix
  set(CMAKE_DEBUG_POSTFIX "_d")
endif ()

# Set compiler specific build flags
if (CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNUCXX)
  check_cxx_compiler_flag(-msse OGRE_GCC_HAS_SSE)
  if (OGRE_GCC_HAS_SSE)
    add_definitions(-msse)
  endif ()
endif ()
if (MSVC)
  if (CMAKE_BUILD_TOOL STREQUAL "nmake")
    # set variable to state that we are using nmake makefiles
   set(NMAKE TRUE)
  endif ()
  set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} /fp:fast")
  # Enable intrinsics on MSVC in debug mode
  set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG} /Oi")
  if (CMAKE_CL_64)
    # Visual Studio bails out on debug builds in 64bit mode unless
   # this flag is set...
   set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG} /bigobj")
   set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO} /bigobj")
  endif ()
endif ()
if (MINGW)
  add_definitions(-D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0500)
endif ()

if (CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNUCXX AND NOT MINGW)
  # Test for GCC visibility
  include(CheckCXXCompilerFlag)
  check_cxx_compiler_flag(-fvisibility=hidden OGRE_GCC_VISIBILITY)
  if (OGRE_GCC_VISIBILITY)
    # determine gcc version
    execute_process(COMMAND ${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER} -dumpversion 
      OUTPUT_VARIABLE OGRE_GCC_VERSION)
    message(STATUS "Detected g++ ${OGRE_GCC_VERSION}")
    message(STATUS "Enabling GCC visibility flags")
    set(OGRE_GCC_VISIBILITY_FLAGS "-DOGRE_GCC_VISIBILITY -fvisibility=hidden")

    # check if we can safely add -fvisibility-inlines-hidden
    string(TOLOWER "${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}" OGRE_BUILD_TYPE)
    if (OGRE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "debug" AND OGRE_GCC_VERSION VERSION_LESS "4.2")
      message(STATUS "Skipping -fvisibility-inlines-hidden due to possible bug in g++ < 4.2")
    else ()
      set(OGRE_GCC_VISIBILITY_FLAGS "${OGRE_GCC_VISIBILITY_FLAGS} -fvisibility-inlines-hidden")
    endif ()
  endif (OGRE_GCC_VISIBILITY)

  # Fix x64 issues on Linux
  if("${CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR}" STREQUAL "x86_64" AND NOT APPLE)
    add_definitions(-fPIC)
  endif()  
endif (CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNUCXX AND NOT MINGW)

# determine system endianess
#include(TestBigEndian)
#test_big_endian(OGRE_TEST_BIG_ENDIAN)
set(OGRE_TEST_BIG_ENDIAN FALSE)

# Add OgreMain include path
include_directories("${OGRE_SOURCE_DIR}/OgreMain/include")
include_directories("${OGRE_BINARY_DIR}/include")
if (APPLE)
  if (OGRE_BUILD_PLATFORM_IPHONE)
    include_directories("${OGRE_SOURCE_DIR}/OgreMain/include/iPhone")

    # Set static early for proper dependency detection
    set(OGRE_STATIC TRUE)
  else ()
    include_directories("${OGRE_SOURCE_DIR}/OgreMain/include/OSX")
  endif ()
endif (APPLE)


find_package(OGRE REQUIRED)

if(NOT "${OGRE_VERSION_NAME}" STREQUAL "Cthugha")
  message(SEND_ERROR "You need Ogre 1.7 Cthugha to build this.")
endif()

find_package(OIS REQUIRED)

if(NOT OIS_FOUND)
   message(SEND_ERROR "Failed to find OIS.")
endif()

# Find Boost
if (NOT OGRE_BUILD_PLATFORM_IPHONE)
   if (WIN32 OR APPLE)
      set(Boost_USE_STATIC_LIBS TRUE)
   else ()
      # Statically linking boost to a dynamic Ogre build doesn't work on Linux 64bit
      set(Boost_USE_STATIC_LIBS ${OGRE_STATIC})
   endif ()
   if (MINGW)
      # this is probably a bug in CMake: the boost find module tries to look for
      # boost libraries with name libboost_*, but CMake already prefixes library
      # search names with "lib". This is the workaround.
      set(CMAKE_FIND_LIBRARY_PREFIXES ${CMAKE_FIND_LIBRARY_PREFIXES} "")
   endif ()
   set(Boost_ADDITIONAL_VERSIONS "1.42" "1.42.0" "1.41.0" "1.41" "1.40.0" "1.40" "1.39.0" "1.39" "1.38.0" "1.38" "1.37.0" "1.37" )
   # Components that need linking (NB does not include header-only components like bind)
   set(OGRE_BOOST_COMPONENTS thread date_time)
   find_package(Boost COMPONENTS ${OGRE_BOOST_COMPONENTS} QUIET)
   if (NOT Boost_FOUND)
      # Try again with the other type of libs
      set(Boost_USE_STATIC_LIBS NOT ${Boost_USE_STATIC_LIBS})
      find_package(Boost COMPONENTS ${OGRE_BOOST_COMPONENTS} QUIET)
   endif()
   find_package(Boost QUIET)

   # Set up referencing of Boost
   include_directories(${Boost_INCLUDE_DIR})
   add_definitions(-DBOOST_ALL_NO_LIB)
   set(OGRE_LIBRARIES ${OGRE_LIBRARIES} ${Boost_LIBRARIES})
endif()

set(HDRS
   ./BaseApplication.h
   ./TutorialApplication.h
)

set(SRCS
   ./BaseApplication.cpp
   ./TutorialApplication.cpp
)

include_directories( ${OIS_INCLUDE_DIRS}
   ${OGRE_INCLUDE_DIRS}
   ${OGRE_SAMPLES_INCLUDEPATH}
)

add_executable(${OGRE_PROJECT_NAME} WIN32 ${HDRS} ${SRCS})

set_target_properties(${OGRE_PROJECT_NAME} PROPERTIES DEBUG_POSTFIX _d)

target_link_libraries(${OGRE_PROJECT_NAME} ${OGRE_LIBRARIES} ${OIS_LIBRARIES})

file(MAKE_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/dist/bin)
file(MAKE_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/dist/media)

# post-build copy for win32
if(WIN32 AND NOT MINGW)
   add_custom_command( TARGET ${OGRE_PROJECT_NAME} PRE_BUILD
      COMMAND if not exist .\\dist\\bin mkdir .\\dist\\bin )
   add_custom_command( TARGET ${OGRE_PROJECT_NAME} POST_BUILD
      COMMAND copy \"$(TargetPath)\" .\\dist\\bin )
endif(WIN32 AND NOT MINGW)
if(MINGW)
   set(EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/dist/bin)
endif(MINGW)

if(WIN32)

   install(TARGETS ${OGRE_PROJECT_NAME}
      RUNTIME DESTINATION bin
      CONFIGURATIONS All)

   install(DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/dist/Media
      DESTINATION ./
      CONFIGURATIONS Release RelWithDebInfo Debug
   )

   install(FILES ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/dist/bin/plugins.cfg
      ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/dist/bin/resources.cfg
      DESTINATION bin
      CONFIGURATIONS Release RelWithDebInfo
   )

   install(FILES ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/dist/bin/plugins_d.cfg
      ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/dist/bin/resources_d.cfg
      DESTINATION bin
      CONFIGURATIONS Debug
   )

   install(FILES ${OGRE_PLUGIN_DIR_REL}/OgreMain.dll
      ${OGRE_PLUGIN_DIR_REL}/RenderSystem_Direct3D9.dll
      ${OGRE_PLUGIN_DIR_REL}/RenderSystem_GL.dll
      ${OGRE_PLUGIN_DIR_REL}/OIS.dll
      DESTINATION bin
      CONFIGURATIONS Release RelWithDebInfo
   )

   install(FILES ${OGRE_PLUGIN_DIR_DBG}/OgreMain_d.dll
      ${OGRE_PLUGIN_DIR_DBG}/RenderSystem_Direct3D9_d.dll
      ${OGRE_PLUGIN_DIR_DBG}/RenderSystem_GL_d.dll
      ${OGRE_PLUGIN_DIR_DBG}/OIS_d.dll
      DESTINATION bin
      CONFIGURATIONS Debug
   )
endif(WIN32)

set_property(TARGET ${OGRE_PROJECT_NAME} PROPERTY MACOSX_BUNDLE TRUE)

---

- 3/所用软件的版本

OSX 版本:10.6.7(雪豹)
Xcode 版本:3.2.6
GCC 版本:4.6(4.5.3 不能编译到 100%，旧版本不支持我需要的 C++0x)食人魔版本:1.7.3
Cmake 版本:2.8.3 或 2.8.4(我都试过了)

Answer 1

我认为您遇到了 SDK 路径中重复框架的问题。您需要将您的框架从

/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/Library/Frameworks/Frameworks

到

/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/Library/Frameworks

然后修复符号链接(symbolic link)/Library/Frameworks。

我在 Re[2]: не могу въехать в ошибку линковки 找到了解决方案:

If you are interested: The XCode gets standart library(libstdc++-static.a) depends from the current SDK configuration. Butlibstdc++-static.a library from MacOS10.5.sdk configuration do notcontain _M_insert, _M_extract symbols. For fix this problem we needjust switch to the MacOSX10.6.sdk.

BTW!!! If you are use XCode 3.2.6 you will encounter with surprise(bug) from Apple!

The folder: /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/Library contain the folderFrameworks with link Frameworks inside. i.e.:/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/Library/Frameworks/Frameworks This iswrong.

If you will try to install and use third-party frameworks (for exampleCG.Frameworks), XCode doesn't find these framework. Because/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/Library must contain link to theFrameworks folder BUT not the Framework folder.

Fortunately this problem easy to fix. You need just need rename theFrameworks to (for example) _Framework. Then copy alias Framework fromthe /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/Library/_Frameworks/Frameworks to/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/Library/ and then remove renamed folder_Frameworks forewer.

I repeat again this applies only for XCode 3.2.6