c++ - 使用 std::bind 了解编译器错误

Question

我如何让它编译:

#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <string>

inline void print(std::string string1, std::string* string2)
{
    std::cout << string1 << " " << string2 << std::endl;
    delete string2;
}

class class1
{
    public:
        std::string foo{"Hello"};
        std::shared_ptr<std::string> foo2;
        class1();
};

class1::class1()
{
    auto boundFunc = std::bind(print, foo, std::placeholders::_2);
    foo2 = std::shared_ptr<std::string>(new std::string("world"), boundFunc);
}

int main()
{
    class1 test;
}

GCC 给出了一大堆晦涩难懂的错误信息:

g++ -std=c++17 -o bind bind.cpp 
In file included from /usr/include/c++/7.3.1/bits/shared_ptr.h:52:0,
                 from /usr/include/c++/7.3.1/memory:81,
                 from bind.cpp:21:
/usr/include/c++/7.3.1/bits/shared_ptr_base.h: In instantiation of ‘std::__shared_ptr<_Tp, _Lp>::__shared_ptr(_Yp*, _Deleter) [with _Yp = std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>; _Deleter = std::_Bind<void (*(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, std::_Placeholder<2>))(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>*)>; <template-parameter-2-3> = void; _Tp = std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>; __gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy _Lp = (__gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy)2]’:
/usr/include/c++/7.3.1/bits/shared_ptr.h:147:48:   required from ‘std::shared_ptr<_Tp>::shared_ptr(_Yp*, _Deleter) [with _Yp = std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>; _Deleter = std::_Bind<void (*(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, std::_Placeholder<2>))(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>*)>; <template-parameter-2-3> = void; _Tp = std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>]’
bind.cpp:41:76:   required from here
/usr/include/c++/7.3.1/bits/shared_ptr_base.h:1090:4: error: static assertion failed: deleter expression d(p) is well-formed
    static_assert(__is_invocable<_Deleter&, _Yp*&>::value,
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/7.3.1/bits/shared_ptr_base.h: In instantiation of ‘std::__shared_count<_Lp>::__shared_count(_Ptr, _Deleter, _Alloc) [with _Ptr = std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>*; _Deleter = std::_Bind<void (*(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, std::_Placeholder<2>))(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>*)>; _Alloc = std::allocator<void>; __gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy _Lp = (__gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy)2]’:
/usr/include/c++/7.3.1/bits/shared_ptr_base.h:605:57:   required from ‘std::__shared_count<_Lp>::__shared_count(_Ptr, _Deleter) [with _Ptr = std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>*; _Deleter = std::_Bind<void (*(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, std::_Placeholder<2>))(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>*)>; __gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy _Lp = (__gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy)2]’
/usr/include/c++/7.3.1/bits/shared_ptr_base.h:1088:48:   required from ‘std::__shared_ptr<_Tp, _Lp>::__shared_ptr(_Yp*, _Deleter) [with _Yp = std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>; _Deleter = std::_Bind<void (*(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, std::_Placeholder<2>))(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>*)>; <template-parameter-2-3> = void; _Tp = std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>; __gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy _Lp = (__gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy)2]’
/usr/include/c++/7.3.1/bits/shared_ptr.h:147:48:   required from ‘std::shared_ptr<_Tp>::shared_ptr(_Yp*, _Deleter) [with _Yp = std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>; _Deleter = std::_Bind<void (*(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, std::_Placeholder<2>))(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>*)>; <template-parameter-2-3> = void; _Tp = std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>]’
bind.cpp:41:76:   required from here
/usr/include/c++/7.3.1/bits/shared_ptr_base.h:623:11: error: no match for call to ‘(std::_Bind<void (*(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, std::_Placeholder<2>))(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>*)>) (std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>*&)’
        __d(__p); // Call _Deleter on __p.
        ~~~^~~~~
In file included from bind.cpp:19:0:
/usr/include/c++/7.3.1/functional:547:2: note: candidate: template<class ... _Args, class _Result> _Result std::_Bind<_Functor(_Bound_args ...)>::operator()(_Args&& ...) [with _Args = {_Args ...}; _Result = _Result; _Functor = void (*)(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>*); _Bound_args = {std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::_Placeholder<2>}]
  operator()(_Args&&... __args)
  ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/7.3.1/functional:547:2: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/7.3.1/functional:558:2: note: candidate: template<class ... _Args, class _Result> _Result std::_Bind<_Functor(_Bound_args ...)>::operator()(_Args&& ...) const [with _Args = {_Args ...}; _Result = _Result; _Functor = void (*)(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>*); _Bound_args = {std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::_Placeholder<2>}]
  operator()(_Args&&... __args) const
  ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/7.3.1/functional:558:2: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/7.3.1/functional:576:2: note: candidate: template<class ... _Args, class _Result> _Result std::_Bind<_Functor(_Bound_args ...)>::operator()(_Args&& ...) volatile [with _Args = {_Args ...}; _Result = _Result; _Functor = void (*)(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>*); _Bound_args = {std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::_Placeholder<2>}]
  operator()(_Args&&... __args) volatile
  ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/7.3.1/functional:576:2: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/7.3.1/functional:588:2: note: candidate: template<class ... _Args, class _Result> _Result std::_Bind<_Functor(_Bound_args ...)>::operator()(_Args&& ...) const volatile [with _Args = {_Args ...}; _Result = _Result; _Functor = void (*)(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>*); _Bound_args = {std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::_Placeholder<2>}]
  operator()(_Args&&... __args) const volatile
  ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/7.3.1/functional:588:2: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
In file included from /usr/include/c++/7.3.1/bits/shared_ptr.h:52:0,
                 from /usr/include/c++/7.3.1/memory:81,
                 from bind.cpp:21:
/usr/include/c++/7.3.1/bits/shared_ptr_base.h: In instantiation of ‘void std::_Sp_counted_deleter<_Ptr, _Deleter, _Alloc, _Lp>::_M_dispose() [with _Ptr = std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>*; _Deleter = std::_Bind<void (*(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, std::_Placeholder<2>))(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>*)>; _Alloc = std::allocator<void>; __gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy _Lp = (__gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy)2]’:
bind.cpp:47:1:   required from here
/usr/include/c++/7.3.1/bits/shared_ptr_base.h:470:25: error: no match for call to ‘(std::_Bind<void (*(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, std::_Placeholder<2>))(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>*)>) (std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>*&)’
       { _M_impl._M_del()(_M_impl._M_ptr); }
         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from bind.cpp:19:0:
/usr/include/c++/7.3.1/functional:547:2: note: candidate: template<class ... _Args, class _Result> _Result std::_Bind<_Functor(_Bound_args ...)>::operator()(_Args&& ...) [with _Args = {_Args ...}; _Result = _Result; _Functor = void (*)(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>*); _Bound_args = {std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::_Placeholder<2>}]
  operator()(_Args&&... __args)
  ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/7.3.1/functional:547:2: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/7.3.1/functional:558:2: note: candidate: template<class ... _Args, class _Result> _Result std::_Bind<_Functor(_Bound_args ...)>::operator()(_Args&& ...) const [with _Args = {_Args ...}; _Result = _Result; _Functor = void (*)(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>*); _Bound_args = {std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::_Placeholder<2>}]
  operator()(_Args&&... __args) const
  ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/7.3.1/functional:558:2: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/7.3.1/functional:576:2: note: candidate: template<class ... _Args, class _Result> _Result std::_Bind<_Functor(_Bound_args ...)>::operator()(_Args&& ...) volatile [with _Args = {_Args ...}; _Result = _Result; _Functor = void (*)(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>*); _Bound_args = {std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::_Placeholder<2>}]
  operator()(_Args&&... __args) volatile
  ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/7.3.1/functional:576:2: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/7.3.1/functional:588:2: note: candidate: template<class ... _Args, class _Result> _Result std::_Bind<_Functor(_Bound_args ...)>::operator()(_Args&& ...) const volatile [with _Args = {_Args ...}; _Result = _Result; _Functor = void (*)(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>*); _Bound_args = {std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::_Placeholder<2>}]
  operator()(_Args&&... __args) const volatile
  ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/7.3.1/functional:588:2: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:

我不确定如何处理此输出，而且我还没有找到 std::bind 的任何良好文档，其中提供了可能使用它的所有各种方式的示例，只有最基本的情况。

stackoverflow 需要更多详细信息，但我什至不知道还能提供什么。从代码中应该可以很明显地看出问题是什么。如果我知道该说什么，我已经可以搜索它了，但我不确定如何描述这个问题。

Answer 1

简单修复:替换

auto boundFunc = std::bind(print, foo, std::placeholders::_2);

与

auto boundFunc = std::bind(print, foo, std::placeholders::_1);

为什么？

在 std::bind 中，占位符指示参数的索引到结果函数。 std::placeholders::_1 表示“在这个位置使用传递给我的第一个参数”。

当您传递 std::placeholders::_2 时，您的 boundFunc 将采用错误数量的参数(2 而不是 1)并且不再是有效的删除器对于 std::shared_ptr。