安卓 Espresso : checking for a checked checkbox

Question

我现在是 Espresso 的新手，我遇到了这个异常:

android.support.test.espresso.AmbiguousViewMatcherException: 'with id: android:id/checkbox' matches multiple views in the hierarchy.

当尝试检查未选中的框时会发生这种情况:onView(withId(android.R.id.checkbox)).check(matches(not(isChecked())));

我的理解是我有 3 个复选框，出于某种原因它们都符合此描述，我的问题是:如何区分复选框？

这是我收到的错误日志:

android.support.test.espresso.AmbiguousViewMatcherException: 'with id: android:id/checkbox' matches multiple views in the hierarchy.
Problem views are marked with '****MATCHES****' below.

View Hierarchy:
+>DecorView{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1440, height=2560, has-focus=true, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, child-count=3}
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+->LinearLayout{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1440, height=2392, has-focus=true, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, child-count=2}
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+-->ViewStub{id=16909225, res-name=action_mode_bar_stub, visibility=GONE, width=0, height=0, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=true, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0}
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+-->FrameLayout{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1440, height=2308, has-focus=true, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=84.0, child-count=1}
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+--->ActionBarOverlayLayout{id=2131492999, res-name=decor_content_parent, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1440, height=2308, has-focus=true, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, child-count=2}
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+---->ContentFrameLayout{id=16908290, res-name=content, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1440, height=2112, has-focus=true, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=196.0, child-count=1}
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+----->ScrollView{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1440, height=2112, has-focus=true, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=true, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, child-count=1}
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+------>LinearLayout{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1440, height=1162, has-focus=true, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, child-count=5}
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+------->FontedTextView{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1334, height=88, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=53.0, y=105.0, text=Paperless Delivery & Data Sharing, input-type=0, ime-target=false, has-links=false}
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+------->FontedTextView{id=-1, desc=Check/un-check each box to change your preferences then tap save., visibility=VISIBLE, width=1334, height=138, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=53.0, y=263.0, text=Check/un-check each box to change your preferences then tap save., input-type=0, ime-target=false, has-links=false}
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+------->View{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1440, height=1, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=471.0}
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+------->LinearLayout{id=2131493744, res-name=settings_prefs_consents_layout, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1440, height=689, has-focus=true, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=472.0, child-count=3}
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+-------->LinearLayout{id=2131493745, res-name=meh, desc=Entitlement 1 checked. Description 1. Read more., visibility=VISIBLE, width=1440, height=191, has-focus=true, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=32.0, child-count=2}
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+--------->AppCompatCheckBox{id=16908289, res-name=checkbox, visibility=VISIBLE, width=103, height=102, has-focus=true, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=true, is-enabled=true, is-focused=true, is-focusable=true, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=53.0, y=53.0, text=, input-type=0, ime-target=true, has-links=false, is-checked=true} ****MATCHES****
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+--------->LinearLayout{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1196, height=138, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=191.0, y=53.0, child-count=2}
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+---------->FontedTextView{id=16908308, res-name=text1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1196, height=69, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, text=Entitlement 1, input-type=0, ime-target=false, has-links=false}
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+---------->FontedTextView{id=16908309, res-name=text2, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1196, height=69, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=true, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=69.0, text=Description 1 Read more., input-type=0, ime-target=false, has-links=false}
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+-------->LinearLayout{id=2131493745, res-name=meh, desc=Entitlement 2 unchecked. Description 2. Read more., visibility=VISIBLE, width=1440, height=191, has-focus=false, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=223.0, child-count=2}
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+--------->AppCompatCheckBox{id=16908289, res-name=checkbox, visibility=VISIBLE, width=102, height=102, has-focus=false, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=true, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=true, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=53.0, y=53.0, text=, input-type=0, ime-target=false, has-links=false, is-checked=false} ****MATCHES****
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+--------->LinearLayout{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1197, height=138, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=190.0, y=53.0, child-count=2}
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+---------->FontedTextView{id=16908308, res-name=text1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1197, height=69, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, text=Entitlement 2, input-type=0, ime-target=false, has-links=false}
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+---------->FontedTextView{id=16908309, res-name=text2, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1197, height=69, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=true, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=69.0, text=Description 2 Read more., input-type=0, ime-target=false, has-links=false}
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+-------->LinearLayout{id=2131493745, res-name=meh, desc=Entitlement 3 checked. Description 3. Read more., visibility=VISIBLE, width=1440, height=191, has-focus=false, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=414.0, child-count=2}
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+--------->AppCompatCheckBox{id=16908289, res-name=checkbox, visibility=VISIBLE, width=103, height=102, has-focus=false, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=true, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=true, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=53.0, y=53.0, text=, input-type=0, ime-target=false, has-links=false, is-checked=true} ****MATCHES****
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+--------->LinearLayout{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1196, height=138, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=191.0, y=53.0, child-count=2}
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+---------->FontedTextView{id=16908308, res-name=text1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1196, height=69, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, text=Entitlement 3, input-type=0, ime-target=false, has-links=false}

Answer 1

我对 Espresso 不熟悉，但是搜索了一下，我在他们的 wiki 上找到了 this:

Sometimes, R.id values are shared between multiple views. When this happens an attempt to use a particular R.id. gives you an AmbiguousViewMatcherException (for example). The exception message provides you with a text representation of the current view hierarchy, which you can search for and find the views that match the non-unique R.id:

java.lang.RuntimeException:
com.google.android.apps.common.testing.ui.espresso.AmbiguousViewMatcherException:
This matcher matches multiple views in the hierarchy: (withId: is <123456789>)
...

+-----SomeView{id=123456789, res-name=plus_one_standard_ann_button, visibility=VISIBLE, width=523, height=48, has-focus=false, has-focusable=true, window-focus=true,
is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, enabled=true, selected=false, is-layout-requested=false, text=, root-is-layout-requested=false, x=0.0, y=625.0, child-count=1}
****MATCHES****
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+------>OtherView{id=123456789, res-name=plus_one_standard_ann_button, visibility=VISIBLE, width=523, height=48, has-focus=false, has-focusable=true, window-focus=true,
is-focused=false, is-focusable=true, enabled=true, selected=false, is-layout-requested=false, text=Hello!, root-is-layout-requested=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, child-count=1}
****MATCHES****

Looking through the various attributes of the views, you may find uniquely identifiable properties (in the example above, one of the views has the text "Hello!"). You can use this to narrow down your search by using combination matchers:

onView(allOf(withId(R.id.my_view), withText("Hello!")))

You can also use not to reverse any of the matchers:

onView(allOf(withId(R.id.my_view), not(withText("Unwanted"))))

See ViewMatchers for the view matchers provided by Espresso.

因此，您应该:

• 使用上面的过滤器
• 分配唯一 ID。从长远来看，这更容易，尤其是。在您的代码变得太复杂而无法更改之前。