android - 测试导航组件 : "does not have a NavController"

Question

我正在实现 Espresso 测试。我正在使用带有 NavGraph 范围 ViewModel 的 fragment 。问题是，当我尝试测试 Fragment 时，我得到了一个 IllegalStateException，因为 Fragment 没有 NavController放。我该如何解决这个问题？

class MyFragment : Fragment(), Injectable {

    private val viewModel by navGraphViewModels<MyViewModel>(R.id.scoped_graph){
        viewModelFactory
   }

    @Inject
    lateinit var viewModelFactory: ViewModelProvider.Factory
    //Other stuff
}

测试类:

class FragmentTest {

    class TestMyFragment: MyFragment(){
        val navMock = mock<NavController>()

        override fun getNavController(): NavController {
            return navMock
        }
    }

    @Mock
    private lateinit var viewModel: MyViewModel
    private lateinit var scenario: FragmentScenario<TestMyFragment>

    @Before
    fun prepareTest(){
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this)

    scenario = launchFragmentInContainer<TestMyFragment>(themeResId = R.style.Theme_AppCompat){
        TestMyFragment().apply {
            viewModelFactory = ViewModelUtil.createFor(viewModel)
        }
    }

    // My test
}

我得到的异常:

java.lang.IllegalStateException: View android.widget.ScrollView does not have a NavController setjava.lang.IllegalStateException

Answer 1

在docs中可以看出, 这是建议的方法:

// Create a mock NavController
val mockNavController = mock(NavController::class.java)

scenario = launchFragmentInContainer<TestMyFragment>(themeResId = R.style.Theme_AppCompat) {
    TestMyFragment().also { fragment ->     
        // In addition to returning a new instance of our Fragment,
        // get a callback whenever the fragment’s view is created
        // or destroyed so that we can set the mock NavController
        fragment.viewLifecycleOwnerLiveData.observeForever { viewLifecycleOwner ->
            if (viewLifecycleOwner != null) {
                // The fragment’s view has just been created
                Navigation.setViewNavController(fragment.requireView(), mockNavController)
            }
        }
    }
}

此后您可以像这样对模拟的 mockNavController 执行验证:

verify(mockNavController).navigate(SearchFragmentDirections.showRepo("foo", "bar"))

参见 architecture components sample供引用。

---

docs 中提到了另一种方法还有:

    // Create a graphical FragmentScenario for the TitleScreen
    val titleScenario = launchFragmentInContainer<TitleScreen>()

    // Set the NavController property on the fragment
    titleScenario.onFragment { fragment ->
        Navigation.setViewNavController(fragment.requireView(), mockNavController)
    }

如果在 onViewCreated()(包含)之前与 NavController 发生交互，则此方法将不起作用。使用这种方法 onFragment() 会在生命周期中设置模拟 NavController 太迟，导致 findNavController() 调用失败。作为适用于所有情况的统一方法，我建议使用第一种方法。