android - 应用程序有时会崩溃并显示 "Background start not allowed: service Intent"

Question

我只兼职进行 Android 开发(考虑到 API 的许多微妙之处和低级别性，这似乎具有挑战性)，并且当我的应用程序在后台时接收通知时遇到问题。我的目标是 Android 8.1。我的应用程序碰巧使用 Azure 和 Xamarin，但我不知道这些细节是否是问题所固有的。

如果我的应用程序在后台运行，有时会显示通知，有时我的应用程序会因以下错误而崩溃:

2019-03-06 09:12:24.486 9495-9702/? D/tyresense.azurelistenerservice: OnMessage() done
2019-03-06 09:12:28.278 1548-3232/? W/ActivityManager: Background start not allowed: service Intent { act=com.google.android.c2dm.intent.RECEIVE flg=0x1000010 pkg=com.rimex.tyresense cmp=com.rimex.tyresense/md5bf34da605c12d097dc5a495af95e9376.AzureListenerService (has extras) } to com.rimex.tyresense/md5bf34da605c12d097dc5a495af95e9376.AzureListenerService from pid=9495 uid=10173 pkg=com.rimex.tyresense
2019-03-06 09:12:28.341 9495-9495/? I/MonoDroid: Java.Lang.IllegalStateException: Not allowed to start service Intent { act=com.google.android.c2dm.intent.RECEIVE flg=0x1000010 pkg=com.rimex.tyresense cmp=com.rimex.tyresense/md5bf34da605c12d097dc5a495af95e9376.AzureListenerService (has extras) }: app is in background uid UidRecord{d582ba5 u0a173 RCVR bg:+1m0s848ms idle procs:1 seq(0,0,0)}
2019-03-06 09:12:28.342 9495-9495/? I/MonoDroid: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Not allowed to start service Intent { act=com.google.android.c2dm.intent.RECEIVE flg=0x1000010 pkg=com.rimex.tyresense cmp=com.rimex.tyresense/md5bf34da605c12d097dc5a495af95e9376.AzureListenerService (has extras) }: app is in background uid UidRecord{d582ba5 u0a173 RCVR bg:+1m0s848ms idle procs:1 seq(0,0,0)}
2019-03-06 09:12:28.347 9495-9495/? E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
    Process: com.rimex.tyresense, PID: 9495
    java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start receiver md5bf34da605c12d097dc5a495af95e9376.TyreSenseBroadcastReceiver: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Not allowed to start service Intent { act=com.google.android.c2dm.intent.RECEIVE flg=0x1000010 pkg=com.rimex.tyresense cmp=com.rimex.tyresense/md5bf34da605c12d097dc5a495af95e9376.AzureListenerService (has extras) }: app is in background uid UidRecord{d582ba5 u0a173 RCVR bg:+1m0s848ms idle procs:1 seq(0,0,0)}
        at android.app.ActivityThread.handleReceiver(ActivityThread.java:3285)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.-wrap17(Unknown Source:0)
        at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1713)
        at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:106)
        at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:164)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6626)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
        at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:438)
        at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:811)
     Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Not allowed to start service Intent { act=com.google.android.c2dm.intent.RECEIVE flg=0x1000010 pkg=com.rimex.tyresense cmp=com.rimex.tyresense/md5bf34da605c12d097dc5a495af95e9376.AzureListenerService (has extras) }: app is in background uid UidRecord{d582ba5 u0a173 RCVR bg:+1m0s848ms idle procs:1 seq(0,0,0)}
        at android.app.ContextImpl.startServiceCommon(ContextImpl.java:1536)
        at android.app.ContextImpl.startService(ContextImpl.java:1492)
        at android.content.ContextWrapper.startService(ContextWrapper.java:650)
        at android.content.ContextWrapper.startService(ContextWrapper.java:650)
        at md513d040a829b3f298fbeeee5a6e2c042a.GcmBroadcastReceiverBase_1.n_onReceive(Native Method)
        at md513d040a829b3f298fbeeee5a6e2c042a.GcmBroadcastReceiverBase_1.onReceive(GcmBroadcastReceiverBase_1.java:29)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.handleReceiver(ActivityThread.java:3278)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.-wrap17(Unknown Source:0) 
        at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1713) 
        at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:106) 
        at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:164) 
        at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6626) 
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method) 
        at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:438) 
        at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:811) 
2019-03-06 09:12:28.348 2761-2761/? W/GCM: broadcast intent callback: result=CANCELLED forIntent { act=com.google.android.c2dm.intent.RECEIVE pkg=com.rimex.tyresense (has extras) }
2019-03-06 09:12:28.353 9495-9495/? E/tyresense.splashscreen: System.UnhandledExceptionEventArgs
2019-03-06 09:12:28.357 1548-7265/? W/ActivityManager:   Force finishing activity com.rimex.tyresense/md5bf34da605c12d097dc5a495af95e9376.MainActivity
2019-03-06 09:12:28.363 1548-1632/? I/ActivityManager: Showing crash dialog for package com.rimex.tyresense u0

我看到这样的文章:https://blog.xamarin.com/replacing-services-jobs-android-oreo-8-0/

但我不清楚问题到底是什么，所以我不知道这是否能解决问题。

也许在这里？

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Android.App;
using Android.Content;
using Android.Util;
using Gcm.Client;
using WindowsAzure.Messaging;
using SharedMobile; // keep it simple, the app might not be running
using MyApp.Android; // we need to reference ourselves...
using Android.Support.V4.App;
using Android.Content.PM;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

[assembly: Permission(Name = "@<a href="https://stackoverflow.com/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="0959484a42484e4c564748444c4927796c7b64607a7a606667274a3b4d" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">[email protected]</a>_MESSAGE")]
[assembly: UsesPermission(Name = "@<a href="https://stackoverflow.com/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="b9e9f8faf2f8fefce6f7f8f4fcf997c9dccbd4d0cacad0d6d797fa8bfd" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">[email protected]</a>_MESSAGE")]
[assembly: UsesPermission(Name = "com.google.android.c2dm.permission.RECEIVE")]
[assembly: Xamarin.Forms.Dependency(typeof(DependencyListener))]
namespace MyApp.Android
{
    [BroadcastReceiver(Permission = Constants.PERMISSION_GCM_INTENTS)]
    [IntentFilter(new string[] { Constants.INTENT_FROM_GCM_MESSAGE }, Categories = new string[] { "@PACKAGE_NAME@" })]
    [IntentFilter(new string[] { Constants.INTENT_FROM_GCM_REGISTRATION_CALLBACK }, Categories = new string[] { "@PACKAGE_NAME@" })]
    [IntentFilter(new string[] { Constants.INTENT_FROM_GCM_LIBRARY_RETRY }, Categories = new string[] { "@PACKAGE_NAME@" })]
    public class MyAppBroadcastReceiver : GcmBroadcastReceiverBase<AzureListenerService>
    {
        // this declaration somehow enables messages
    }

    [Service]
    public class AzureListenerService : GcmServiceBase // this service might be started at system boot, when the app is otherwise not active
    {
        const string TAG = "MyApp.azurelistenerservice";
        const string HUBNAME = "myhubname";
        const string CONNECTION =
               "Endpoint=sb://MyApp.servicebus.windows.net/;SharedAccessKeyName=DefaultListenSharedAccessSignature;SharedAccessKey=secretstuff...";

        public const string GcmProjectNumber = "1234567890";
        private static NotificationHub noteHub = null;

        public AzureListenerService() : base(GcmProjectNumber)
        {
        }

        // need client and area ids before this is called. Application.Context is not available if called from system boot
        public static void InitializeAzure(Context context = null)
        {
            try
            {
                if (context == null)
                    context = Application.Context;
                var enabled = NotificationManagerCompat.From(context).AreNotificationsEnabled();
                SharedMobile.API.ApiService.Instance.NotificationsEnabled(enabled);
                if (enabled)
                {
                    GcmClient.CheckDevice(context);
                    GcmClient.CheckManifest(context);
                    GcmClient.Register(context, GcmProjectNumber);
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Log.Error(TAG, ex.Message);
                Messenger.SendException(ex.Message);
            }
        }

        // incoming GCM registration
        protected override void OnRegistered(Context context, string token)
        {
            try
            {
                noteHub = new NotificationHub(HUBNAME, CONNECTION, context);
                var customerId = Int32.Parse(PropertyHelper.ClientId);
                var tags = BuildTagList(customerId, PropertyHelper.AreaIds);
                noteHub.Register(token, tags.ToArray());
                Messenger.RegisterDevice(token);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Log.Error(TAG, "OnRegistered() " + ex.Message); // ignore register failure when using the Android emulator
            }
        }

        protected override void OnMessage(Context context, Intent intent)
        {
            try
            {
                var areaIds = PropertyHelper.AreaIds;
                if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(areaIds)) // in case the user logged out
                    return;
                new Notifications().CreateEventNotification(intent);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Log.Error(TAG, "OnMessage() " + ex.Message);
            }
        }

        protected List<string> BuildTagList(int clientId, string areaIds)
        {
            var list = new List<string>();
            list.Add($"client_{clientId}");
            foreach (var id in areaIds.Split(','))
                list.Add($"area_{id}");
            return list;
        }

        protected override void OnUnRegistered(Context context, string registrationId)
        {
            Log.Error(TAG, "OnUnRegistered(): " + registrationId);
        }

        protected override bool OnRecoverableError(Context context, string errorId)
        {
            Log.Error(TAG, "OnRecoverableError(): " + errorId);
            return base.OnRecoverableError(context, errorId);
        }

        protected override void OnError(Context context, string errorId)
        {
            Log.Error(TAG, "OnError(): " + errorId);
        }
    }
}


using System;
using Android.App;
using Android.Content;
using Android.OS;
using Android.Support.V4.App;
using Android.Support.V4.Content;
using Android.Util;
using Exception = System.Exception;

namespace My.Android
{
    internal class Notifications
    {
        const string TAG = "My.notifications";
        const string TITLE = "Application is running";
        const string DESC = "Tap to view";
        const int MainProgramNotificationId = 775566;

        // unique ID for our notification: 
        static readonly string CHANNEL_ID = "My_channel_23";
        static readonly string CHANNEL_NAME = "[My_channel]";

        internal void CreateProgramIcon_on_hold(Intent intent)
        {
            var extras = new Bundle();
            extras.PutString("scopeDescription", TITLE);
            extras.PutString("stateDescription", DESC);
            intent.PutExtras(extras);

            ShowNotification(intent.Extras, false);
        }

        internal void CreateEventNotification(Intent extra)
        {
            if (extra.Extras != null && !extra.Extras.IsEmpty)
                ShowNotification(extra.Extras, true);

            var notificationId = extra?.Extras?.GetString("notification-id", null);
            if (notificationId != null && notificationId.Length > 0)
                SharedMobile.API.ApiService.NotificationConfirmation(notificationId);
        }

        private void ShowNotification(Bundle extras, bool autoCancel)
        {
            try
            {
                string title = TITLE; 
                string description = DESC;
                if (extras != null && !extras.IsEmpty)
                {
                    title = extras.GetString("scopeDescription", null);
                    description = extras.GetString("stateDescription", "");
                }

                Intent intent = new Intent(Application.Context, typeof(SplashScreen));
                BuildNotification(intent, extras, title, description, autoCancel);

            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Log.Debug(TAG, ex.Message);
            }
        }

        private void BuildNotification(Intent intent, Bundle extras, string title, string description, bool autoCancel)
        {
            bool onGoing = !autoCancel;
            int icon = IconId(null, null); // code not shown
            intent.AddFlags(ActivityFlags.ReorderToFront);
            var pendingIntent = PendingIntent.GetActivity(Application.Context, 0, intent, PendingIntentFlags.UpdateCurrent);

            CreateNotificationChannel(autoCancel);

            var notificationManager = Application.Context.GetSystemService(Context.NotificationService) as NotificationManager;
            NotificationCompat.Builder builder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(Application.Context, CHANNEL_ID);

            builder.SetSmallIcon(icon)
                .SetContentTitle(title)
                .SetContentText(description)
                .SetSmallIcon(Resource.Drawable.notification_icon)
                .SetAutoCancel(autoCancel)
                .SetOngoing(onGoing)
                .SetContentIntent(pendingIntent);

            if (Build.VERSION.SdkInt >= BuildVersionCodes.Lollipop)
                builder.SetColor(ContextCompat.GetColor(Application.Context, Resource.Color.exBackgroundColor));

            string utcTicks = null;
            if (extras != null)
                utcTicks = extras.GetString("utcTicks", null);
            if (utcTicks != null)
            {
                var ticks = Int64.Parse(utcTicks);
                DateTimeOffset dto = new DateTimeOffset(ticks, TimeSpan.Zero);
                builder.SetWhen(dto.ToUnixTimeMilliseconds());
            }
            else
                builder.SetShowWhen(true);

            notificationManager?.Notify(MainProgramNotificationId, builder.Build());
        }

        private void CreateNotificationChannel(bool evnt)
        {
            if (Build.VERSION.SdkInt < BuildVersionCodes.O)
            {
                // There is no need to create a notification channel on older versions of Android.
                return;
            }
            NotificationImportance ni;
            if (evnt)
                ni = NotificationImportance.Default;
            else
                ni = NotificationImportance.Low;
            var channel = new NotificationChannel(CHANNEL_ID, CHANNEL_NAME, ni)
            {
                Description = "My App",
                LockscreenVisibility = NotificationVisibility.Private,
            };
            var notificationManager = Application.Context.GetSystemService(Context.NotificationService) as NotificationManager;
            notificationManager.CreateNotificationChannel(channel);
        }

        string FormatTimeStamp(string utcTicks)
        {
            try
            {
                var ticks = Int64.Parse(utcTicks);
                DateTimeOffset dto = new DateTimeOffset(ticks, TimeSpan.Zero);
                return dto.ToLocalTime().ToString("MM/dd HH:mm:ss");
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
                return string.Empty;
            }
        }

        bool IgnoreActionProcess(string actionProcessId, int ackedProcessId)
        {
            try
            {
                if (int.Parse(actionProcessId) == ackedProcessId)
                    return true;
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Log.Debug(TAG, $"int parse: {actionProcessId} {ex.Message}");
            }
            return false;
        }

    }
}

更新:我将公共(public)类 AzureListenerService : GcmServiceBase 中的 OnMessage 更改为不执行任何操作，但它仍然崩溃:

未处理的异常:Java.Lang.IllegalStateException:不允许启动服务 Intent { act=com.google.android.c2dm.intent.RECEIVE flg=0x1000010 pkg=com.mycompany.myapp cmp=com.mycompany.myapp/md5bf34da605c12d097dc5a495af95e9376.AzureListenerService (有额外功能) }: 应用程序处于后台 uid UidRecord{d45626f u0a173 RCVR bg:+1m29s589ms 空闲更改:未缓存的过程:1 seq(0,0,0)} 发生

更新我实现了 JobScheduler，这没有什么区别。此外，该应用程序必须在后台运行“一段时间”，然后问题总会发生。我还更改了我的应用程序，使其在通知到达时不执行任何操作(但记录)，但它仍然崩溃。

更新我得到了这个工作:https://developer.xamarin.com/samples/monodroid/Firebase/FCMNotifications/通过将其“按原样”添加到我的 firebase 帐户，下载 google-services.json 并使用 http://pushtry.com/ 进行测试。 Azure 门户测试发送尚未成功。希望将 FCMNotifications 中的代码合并到我的应用程序中，如果我能让 Azure 正常工作的话...

Answer 1

Android 8.0(API 级别 26)及更高版本对后台服务有限制。它包括对具体方法的以下更改:

如果面向 Android 8.0 的应用尝试在不允许创建后台服务的情况下使用该方法，则 startService() 方法现在会引发 IllegalStateException。新的 Context.startForegroundService() 方法启动前台服务。即使应用程序处于后台，系统也允许应用程序调用 Context.startForegroundService()。但是，应用程序必须在创建服务后五秒内调用该服务的 startForeground() 方法。