- html - 出于某种原因,IE8 对我的 Sass 文件中继承的 html5 CSS 不友好?
- JMeter 在响应断言中使用 span 标签的问题
- html - 在 :hover and :active? 上具有不同效果的 CSS 动画
- html - 相对于居中的 html 内容固定的 CSS 重复背景?
我试图在我的 Django 项目中从标准的 sqlite 数据库更改为 postgresql。这是我到目前为止所做的:
更改 settings.py 中的数据库设置:
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql',
'NAME': 'workout',
'USER': 'admin',
'PASSWORD': 'admin',
'HOST': 'localhost',
'PORT': '5432',
}
}
然后,当我尝试迁移时,会发生这种情况(对长错误跟踪的警告):
(workout) Sahands-MBP:workout sahandzarrinkoub$ python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions, workoutcal
Running migrations:
Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK
Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK
Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK
Applying workoutcal.0001_initial... OK
Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK
Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK
Applying workoutcal.0002_auto_20171215_1102... OK
Applying workoutcal.0003_auto_20171215_1153...Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 65, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
psycopg2.ProgrammingError: multiple default values specified for column "id" of table "workoutcal_user"
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "manage.py", line 22, in <module>
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 364, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute()
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 356, in execute
self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 283, in run_from_argv
self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 330, in execute
output = self.handle(*args, **options)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py", line 204, in handle
fake_initial=fake_initial,
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 115, in migrate
state = self._migrate_all_forwards(state, plan, full_plan, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 145, in _migrate_all_forwards
state = self.apply_migration(state, migration, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 244, in apply_migration
state = migration.apply(state, schema_editor)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/migration.py", line 129, in apply
operation.database_forwards(self.app_label, schema_editor, old_state, project_state)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/operations/fields.py", line 87, in database_forwards
field,
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/schema.py", line 429, in add_field
self.execute(sql, params)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/schema.py", line 120, in execute
cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 80, in execute
return super(CursorDebugWrapper, self).execute(sql, params)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 65, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 94, in __exit__
six.reraise(dj_exc_type, dj_exc_value, traceback)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/utils/six.py", line 685, in reraise
raise value.with_traceback(tb)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 65, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
django.db.utils.ProgrammingError: multiple default values specified for column "id" of table "workoutcal_user"
(workout) Sahands-MBP:workout sahandzarrinkoub$ python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions, workoutcal
Running migrations:
Applying workoutcal.0003_auto_20171215_1153...Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 65, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
psycopg2.ProgrammingError: multiple default values specified for column "id" of table "workoutcal_user"
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "manage.py", line 22, in <module>
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 364, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute()
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 356, in execute
self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 283, in run_from_argv
self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 330, in execute
output = self.handle(*args, **options)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py", line 204, in handle
fake_initial=fake_initial,
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 115, in migrate
state = self._migrate_all_forwards(state, plan, full_plan, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 145, in _migrate_all_forwards
state = self.apply_migration(state, migration, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 244, in apply_migration
state = migration.apply(state, schema_editor)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/migration.py", line 129, in apply
operation.database_forwards(self.app_label, schema_editor, old_state, project_state)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/operations/fields.py", line 87, in database_forwards
field,
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/schema.py", line 429, in add_field
self.execute(sql, params)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/schema.py", line 120, in execute
cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 80, in execute
return super(CursorDebugWrapper, self).execute(sql, params)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 65, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 94, in __exit__
six.reraise(dj_exc_type, dj_exc_value, traceback)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/utils/six.py", line 685, in reraise
raise value.with_traceback(tb)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 65, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
django.db.utils.ProgrammingError: multiple default values specified for column "id" of table "workoutcal_user"
(workout) Sahands-MBP:workout sahandzarrinkoub$ python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions, workoutcal
Running migrations:
Applying workoutcal.0003_auto_20171215_1153...Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 65, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
psycopg2.ProgrammingError: multiple default values specified for column "id" of table "workoutcal_user"
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "manage.py", line 22, in <module>
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 364, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute()
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 356, in execute
self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 283, in run_from_argv
self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 330, in execute
output = self.handle(*args, **options)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py", line 204, in handle
fake_initial=fake_initial,
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 115, in migrate
state = self._migrate_all_forwards(state, plan, full_plan, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 145, in _migrate_all_forwards
state = self.apply_migration(state, migration, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 244, in apply_migration
state = migration.apply(state, schema_editor)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/migration.py", line 129, in apply
operation.database_forwards(self.app_label, schema_editor, old_state, project_state)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/operations/fields.py", line 87, in database_forwards
field,
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/schema.py", line 429, in add_field
self.execute(sql, params)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/schema.py", line 120, in execute
cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 80, in execute
return super(CursorDebugWrapper, self).execute(sql, params)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 65, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 94, in __exit__
six.reraise(dj_exc_type, dj_exc_value, traceback)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/utils/six.py", line 685, in reraise
raise value.with_traceback(tb)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 65, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
django.db.utils.ProgrammingError: multiple default values specified for column "id" of table "workoutcal_user"
所以 workoutcal_user 似乎有某种错误。我不确定 django 如何命名表,但我在 workoutcal/models.py
中定义的唯一模型是这个:
class User(AbstractUser):
REQUIRED_FIELDS = []
USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
email = models.EmailField(
_('email address'),
max_length=150,
unique=True,
help_text=_('Required. 150 characters or fewer. Must be a valid email address.'),
error_messages={
'unique':_("A user with that email address already exists."),
},
)
我猜这是导致问题的模型。我的问题显然是,为什么?为该模型的 id
字段指定了多个默认值是什么意思?我怎样才能让它们只有一个?
编辑:
根据 Daniel Roseman 的要求,失败的迁移 0003_auto_20171215_1153.py:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Generated by Django 1.11.5 on 2017-12-15 11:53
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from django.db import migrations, models
class Migration(migrations.Migration):
dependencies = [
('workoutcal', '0002_auto_20171215_1102'),
]
operations = [
migrations.AddField(
model_name='user',
name='id',
field=models.AutoField(auto_created=True, default=1, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID'),
preserve_default=False,
),
migrations.AlterField(
model_name='user',
name='email',
field=models.EmailField(error_messages={'unique': 'A user with that email address already exists.'}, help_text='Required. 150 characters of fewer. Must be a valid email address.', max_length=150, unique=True, verbose_name='email address'),
),
]
编辑 2:
我遵循了 cezar 的指示。到达最后一步并尝试迁移时,出现此错误。
(workout) Sahands-MBP:workout sahandzarrinkoub$ python manage.py migrate workoutcal
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "manage.py", line 22, in <module>
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 364, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute()
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 356, in execute
self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 283, in run_from_argv
self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 330, in execute
output = self.handle(*args, **options)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py", line 86, in handle
executor.loader.check_consistent_history(connection)
File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/Documents/Programming/Web/Django/workout/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/loader.py", line 298, in check_consistent_history
connection.alias,
django.db.migrations.exceptions.InconsistentMigrationHistory: Migration admin.0001_initial is applied before its dependency workoutcal.0001_initial on database 'default'.
另一个迁移是什么?如何彻底清除迁移历史记录?
编辑 3:使用 DROP TABLE 'tablename' CASCADE;
删除数据库中的每个表后,删除 workoutcal/migrations 中的所有文件并运行 makemigrations
和 再次迁移
,成功了。
最佳答案
问题出在下面一行:
field=models.AutoField(auto_created=True, <b>default=1</b>, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID'),
id
字段必须是唯一的,因为它是主键。这意味着它不能有在许多条目中重复的默认值。
我会建议一个快速而肮脏的解决方案。直接转到您的 PosgreSQL 命令行。删除表 django_migrations
中应用 workoutcal
的所有条目:
DELETE FROM django_migrations WHERE app = 'workoutcal';
删除应用程序 workoutcal
中目录 migrations
的内容:
rm -rf workoutcal/migrations/*
然后生成新的迁移:
python manage.py makemigrations workoutcal
这应该会创建新的初始迁移。之后命令:
python manage.py migrate workoutcal
应该毫无问题地填充数据库。
编辑:
迁移 admin.0001_initial
依赖于 workoutcal.0001_initial
。我无法解释这种依赖性。您可以使用 django 命令行工具来恢复 admin
的迁移:
python manage.py migrate admin zero
使用选项 zero
告诉 django 恢复所有迁移并在初始迁移运行之前建立状态。您可以指定迁移次数,而不是 zero
。但是,在您的特定情况下,您需要使用 zero
恢复到初始状态。
然后为 workoutcal
和 admin
运行迁移:
python manage.py migrate workoutcal
python manage.py migrate admin
关于python - 从标准 sqlite 数据库更改为 postgres 数据库,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47967705/
我想知道这里是否有人有安装 Postgres-XL 的经验,新的开源多线程版本的 PostgreSQL。我计划将一组 1-2 TB 的数据库从常规 Postgres 9.3 迁移到 XL,并且想知道这
我想创建一个 postgres 备份脚本,但我不想使用 postgres 用户,因为我所在的 unix 系统几乎没有限制。我想要做的是在 crontab 上以 unix 系统(网络)的普通用户身份运行
我正在尝试编写一个 node-postgres 查询,它采用一个整数作为参数在间隔中使用: const query = { text: `SELECT foo
如何在不使用 gui 的情况下停止特定的 Postgres.app 集群。 我想使用 bash/Terminal.app 而不是 gui 我还应该指出,Postgres 应用程序有一个这样的菜单 如果
关闭。这个问题是opinion-based .它目前不接受答案。 想要改进这个问题? 更新问题,以便 editing this post 可以用事实和引用来回答它. 关闭 9 年前。 Improve
我正在使用 docker 运行 Postgres 图像。它曾经在 Windows10 和 Ubuntu 18.04 上运行没有任何问题。 在 Ubuntu 系统上重新克隆项目后,它在运行 docker
我正在使用 python(比如表 A)将批处理 csv 文件加载到 postgres。我正在使用 pandas 将数据上传到更快的 block 中。 for chunk in pd.read_csv(
所以是的,标题说明了一切,我需要以某种方式将 DB 从源服务器获取到新服务器,但更重要的是旧服务器正在崩溃 :P 有什么方法可以将它全部移动到新服务器并导入它? 旧服务器只是拒绝再运行 Postgre
这主要是出于好奇而提出的问题。我正在浏览 Postgres systemd 单元文件,以了解 systemd 可以做什么。 Postgres 有两个 systemd 单元文件。一个用于代替 syste
从我在 pg_hba.conf 中读到的内容,我推断,为了确保提示我输入 postgres 用户的密码,我应该从当前的“对等”编辑 pg_hba.conf 的前两个条目的方法'到'密码'或'md5',
我已连接到架构 apm。 尝试执行函数并出现以下错误: ERROR: user mapping not found for "postgres" 数据库连接信息说: apm on postgres@
我在 ubuntu 12.04 服务器上,我正在尝试安装 postgresql。截至目前,我已成功安装它但无法配置它。我需要创建一个角色才能继续前进,我在终端中运行了这个命令: root@hostna
我无法以“postgres”用户身份登录到“postgres”数据库。操作系统:REHL 服务器版本 6.3PostgreSQL 版本:8.4有一个数据库“jiradb”用作 JIRA 6.0.8 的
我正在尝试将现有数据库导入 postgres docker 容器。 这就是我的处理方式: docker run --name pg-docker -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=*****
我们的 Web 应用程序在 postgres 9.3 和 Grails 2.5.3 上运行。当我们重新启动 postgres (/etc/init.d/postgresql restart) 并访问网
我想构建 postgres docker 容器来测试一些问题。我有: postgres 文件的归档文件夹(/var/lib/postgres/data/) 将文件夹放入 docker postgres
我有一个名为“stuff”的表,其中有一个名为“tags”的 json 列,用于存储标签列表,还有一个名为“id”的列,它是表中每一行的主键。我正在使用 postgres 数据库。例如,一行看起来像这
我对 sqlalchemy-psql 中的锁定机制是如何工作的感到非常困惑。我正在运行一个带有 sqlalchemy 和 postgres 的 python-flask 应用程序。由于我有多个线程处理
我(必须)使用 Postgres 8.4 数据库。在这个数据库中,我创建了一个函数: CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION counter (mindate timestamptz,m
我已经使用 PostgreSQL 几天了,它运行良好。我一直在通过默认的 postgres 数据库用户和另一个具有权限的用户使用它。 今天中午(在一切正常之后)它停止工作,我再也无法回到数据库中。我会
我是一名优秀的程序员,十分优秀!