django - 模板语法错误 : Caught ImportError while rendering: cannot import name utils

Question

我无法让这个 Django 应用程序在我的 CentOS 6/Apache/2.2.15 上运行。当我运行该应用程序时出现此错误:

 Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/wsgi.py", line 272, in __call__
     response = self.get_response(request)
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 169, in get_response
     response = self.handle_uncaught_exception(request, resolver, sys.exc_info())
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 203, in handle_uncaught_exception
     return debug.technical_500_response(request, *exc_info)
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/views/debug.py", line 59, in technical_500_response
     html = reporter.get_traceback_html()
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/views/debug.py", line 151, in get_traceback_html
     return t.render(c)
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 123, in render
     return self._render(context)
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 117, in _render
     return self.nodelist.render(context)
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 744, in render
     bits.append(self.render_node(node, context))
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/debug.py", line 73, in render_node
     result = node.render(context)
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/debug.py", line 90, in render
     output = self.filter_expression.resolve(context)
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 536, in resolve
     new_obj = func(obj, *arg_vals)
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/defaultfilters.py", line 695, in date
     return format(value, arg)
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/dateformat.py", line 285, in format
     return df.format(format_string)
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/dateformat.py", line 30, in format
     pieces.append(force_unicode(getattr(self, piece)()))
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/dateformat.py", line 191, in r
     return self.format('D, j M Y H:i:s O')
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/dateformat.py", line 30, in format
     pieces.append(force_unicode(getattr(self, piece)()))
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/encoding.py", line 71, in force_unicode
     s = unicode(s)
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 206, in __unicode_cast
     return self.__func(*self.__args, **self.__kw)
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/translation/__init__.py", line 81, in ugettext
     return _trans.ugettext(message)
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/translation/trans_real.py", line 286, in ugettext
     return do_translate(message, 'ugettext')
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/translation/trans_real.py", line 276, in do_translate
     _default = translation(settings.LANGUAGE_CODE)
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/translation/trans_real.py", line 185, in translation
     default_translation = _fetch(settings.LANGUAGE_CODE)
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/translation/trans_real.py", line 162, in _fetch
     app = import_module(appname)
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/importlib.py", line 35, in import_module
     __import__(name)
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
     from django.contrib.admin.helpers import ACTION_CHECKBOX_NAME
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/helpers.py", line 3, in <module>
     from django.contrib.admin.util import (flatten_fieldsets, lookup_field,
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/util.py", line 1, in <module>
     from django.db import models
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 78, in <module>
     connection = connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS]
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 93, in __getitem__
     backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 33, in load_backend
     return import_module('.base', backend_name)
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/importlib.py", line 35, in import_module
     __import__(name)
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/postgresql_psycopg2/base.py", line 9, in <module>
     from django.db import utils
 TemplateSyntaxError: Caught ImportError while rendering: cannot import name utils

搜索此错误我找到了一些解决方案，尝试了所有但没有奏效:

1. 使 WSGI 以守护进程模式运行。
2. 检查 Django 安装路径是否在 Python PAth 中。
3. 我认为这可能是因为另一个应用程序在同一个 Apache VirtualHost 上运行，所以我放入了另一个 VH(另一个端口)但没有成功。
4. 我有 2 个数据库连接:此应用程序上的 Oracle 和 PostgreSQL，Oracle 很好，也许问题出在 postgresql_psycopg2。我已经安装了 yum。

这是我的文件:

虚拟主机配置文件:

    NameVirtualHost 10.7.0.17:80
    NameVirtualHost 10.7.0.17:8080

    <VirtualHost 10.7.0.17:80>
        ServerAdmin webmaster@www.domain.com
        ServerName www.domain.com
        ServerAlias www.domain.com
        DocumentRoot /var/www/www.domain.com/html/
        ErrorLog /var/www/www.domain.com/logs/error.log
        CustomLog /var/www/www.domain.com/logs/access.log combined

        WSGIDaemonProcess www.domain.com processes=2 threads=15 display-name=%{GROUP}
        WSGIProcessGroup www.domain.com


        Alias /vlv/media/ /var/www/www.domain.com/django/vlv_vistoria/media/

        WSGIScriptAlias /vlv /var/www/www.domain.com/django/vlv_vistoria/django.wsgi

        <Directory /var/www/www.domain.com/django/vlv_vistoria>
            Order allow,deny
            Allow from all
            Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
        </Directory>


        <Directory /var/www/www.domain.com/django/vlv_vistoria/media>
            Order allow,deny
            Allow from all
            Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
        </Directory>

    </VirtualHost>



    <VirtualHost 10.7.0.17:8080>
        ServerAdmin webmaster@www.domain.com
        ServerName www.domain.com
        ServerAlias www.domain.com
        DocumentRoot /var/www/www.domain.com/html/
        ErrorLog /var/www/www.domain.com/logs/sistema_error.log
        CustomLog /var/www/www.domain.com/logs/sistema_access.log combined

        WSGIDaemonProcess sistema.www.domain.com processes=2 threads=15 display-name=%{GROUP}
        WSGIProcessGroup sistema.www.domain.com

        Alias /sistema/media/ /var/www/www.domain.com/django/sistema/media/

        WSGIScriptAlias /sistema /var/www/www.domain.com/django/sistema/django.wsgi

        <Directory /var/www/www.domain.com/django/sistema>
            Order allow,deny
            Allow from all
            Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
        </Directory>


        <Directory /var/www/www.domain.com/django/sistema/media>
            Order allow,deny
            Allow from all
            Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
        </Directory>

    </VirtualHost>

django.wsgi

    import os, sys

    sys.path.append('/var/www/www.domain.com/django')
    sys.path.append('/var/www/www.domain.com/django/sistema')

    sys.path.append('/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django')


    root = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '..')
    sys.path.insert(0, root)

    os.path.dirname(__file__)
    sys.path.insert(0, root)

    os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'settings'

    os.environ["ORACLE_HOME"] = "/ora00/app/oracle/product/client"

    import django.core.handlers.wsgi
    application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler()

在此先感谢您的帮助。

Answer 1

过去造成这种情况的原因之一是模块导入路径问题。

具体来说，使用针对一个版本的 Python 编译的 mod_wsgi 安装，然后使用 WSGIPythonPath 或其他设置 Python 路径的方法来引用使用不同 Python 版本构建的 Python 虚拟环境。

因此，验证编译和安装的 Python mod_wsgi 版本。如果那不是 Python 2.7，而是较旧的 Python 版本，您可能会遇到这个特定问题。

关于如何检查mod_wsgi编译使用的是什么:

http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/wiki/CheckingYourInstallation#Python_Shared_Library

http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/wiki/CheckingYourInstallation#Python_Installation_In_Use

在查看 mod_wsgi 的编译目的时，检查 Python 的补丁级别修订差异也可能是值得的。我确实记得在 Python 2.7.1 和 2.7.2 之间有一个这样的问题。

如果您的 Python 站点包在/usr/local 下，那么 mod_wsgi 很可能在/usr 下使用不同的版本。