ruby-on-rails - 如何启用模型数据缓存？

Question

如何跨请求/操作启用缓存？

我的堆栈:

• rails 4.2.7
• Postgres 9.5

我在我的 Rails 日志中注意到以下内容

  Country Load (0.4ms)  SELECT  "countries".* FROM "countries" WHERE "countries"."iso" = $1 LIMIT 1  [["iso", "US"]]
  State Load (1.4ms)  SELECT  "states".* FROM "states" WHERE "states"."iso" = $1 AND "states"."country_id" = $2 LIMIT 1  [["iso", "OH"], ["country_id", 233]]
  Country Load (0.3ms)  SELECT  "countries".* FROM "countries" WHERE "countries"."iso" = $1 LIMIT 1  [["iso", "US"]]
  State Load (1.1ms)  SELECT  "states".* FROM "states" WHERE "states"."iso" = $1 AND "states"."country_id" = $2 LIMIT 1  [["iso", "OH"], ["country_id", 233]]
  Country Load (3.6ms)  SELECT  "countries".* FROM "countries" WHERE "countries"."iso" = $1 LIMIT 1  [["iso", "US"]]
  State Load (1.2ms)  SELECT  "states".* FROM "states" WHERE "states"."iso" = $1 AND "states"."country_id" = $2 LIMIT 1  [["iso", "OH"], ["country_id", 233]]

请注意，相同的查询正在快速连续地针对我的数据库运行多次。有什么方法可以向 Rails 表明某些表/模型不太可能发生变化，因此某些查找可以缓存在应用程序服务器上？

Answer 1

Is there some way I can indicate to Rails that certain tables/models are very unlikely to change, and so certain lookups can be cached on the app server?

当然，模型缓存似乎非常适合这里。

Here's the article这将使您对设置不同类型的缓存有一个很好的了解。

另外，查看 official guides关于缓存。

基本上，您想研究模型缓存。

您可以编写一个扩展并在要缓存的模型中使用它:

module ModelCachingExtention
  extend ActiveSupport::Concern

  included do
    class << self
      # The first time you call Model.all_cached it will cache the collection,
      # each consequent call will not fire the DB query
      def all_cached
        Rails.cache.fetch(['cached_', name.underscore.to_s, 's']) { all.load }
      end
    end

    after_commit :clear_cache

    private

    # Making sure, that data is in consistent state by removing the cache
    # everytime, the table is touched (eg some record is edited/created/destroyed etc).
    def clear_cache
      Rails.cache.delete(['cached_', self.class.name.underscore.to_s, 's'])
    end
  end
end

然后在模型中使用它:

class Country < ActiveRecord::Base
  include ModelCachingExtention
end

现在，当使用 Country.all_cached 时，您将返回带有零数据库查询的缓存集合(一旦它被缓存)。