Java hangman 程序出错了

Question

我是 Java 的初学者，需要为 Java 最终项目拼凑一个应用程序。我想做刽子手(当时看起来很容易)。这对我来说非常困难。到目前为止，这是我的代码。 (将大约 10 个开源刽子手游戏放在一起真是令人厌恶)。我的问题见底部。

import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.util.ArrayList; 


public class Hangman implements ActionListener {
JFrame frame;
private String[] wordList = {"computer","java","activity","alaska","appearance","article", 
   "automobile","basket","birthday","canada","central","character","chicken","chosen", 
   "cutting","daily","darkness","diagram","disappear","driving","effort","establish","exact", 
   "establishment","fifteen","football","foreign","frequently","frighten","function","gradually", 
   "hurried","identity","importance","impossible","invented","italian","journey","lincoln", 
   "london","massage","minerals","outer","paint","particles","personal","physical","progress", 
   "quarter","recognise","replace","rhythm","situation","slightly","steady","stepped", 
   "strike","successful","sudden","terrible","traffic","unusual","volume","yesterday" }; 
public String mysteryWord; 
public int lives;
private boolean finished = false;
private boolean won = false;
private Button a[];
public boolean used[] = new boolean[26]; 

public static void main (String[] args) {
    Hangman gui = new Hangman();
    gui.go();
    }

class myDrawPanel extends JPanel {
    public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
     setBackground(Color.white);
     g.setColor(Color.gray);
     g.fillRect(50, 200, 150, 20);
     g.fillRect(90,20,10,200);
     g.fillRect(90,20,60,10);
     g.setColor(Color.black);
     g.fillRect(145,20,5,25);
     g.setColor(Color.green);
        if (lives < 6 )
            g.drawOval(132,45,30,30);
        if (lives < 5 )
            g.drawLine(147,75,147,100);
        if (lives < 4 )
            g.drawLine(147,100,167,133);
        if (lives < 3 )
            g.drawLine(147,100,127,133);
        if (lives < 2 )
            g.drawLine(147,75,167,85);
        if (lives < 1 )
            g.drawLine(147,75,127,85);

            StringBuffer guessed = new StringBuffer();

            for (int cl = 0; cl < mysteryWord.length(); cl++) {
                    if (used[(int)mysteryWord.charAt(cl)-65])
                            guessed.append(mysteryWord.charAt(cl));
                    else
                            guessed.append(".");
                    }

            g.drawString(guessed.toString(),75,230);
                 //currentWordLA.setText("Current word: " + mysteryWord);



         if (lives < 1) {
            g.setColor(Color.white);
            g.fillRect(70, 200, 200, 30);
            g.setColor(Color.black);
            g.drawString(mysteryWord.toString(),75,230);
            Font fff = new Font("Helvetica",Font.BOLD,36);
            g.setFont(fff);

            g.setColor(Color.red);
            g.drawString("You lose!",200,100);

            finished = true;
            }

         if (won) {
            Font fff = new Font("Helvetica",Font.BOLD,36);
            g.setFont(fff);

//                Color red=new Color.red
            g.setColor(Color.red);

            g.drawString("You Win!",200,100);
            finished = true;
            }
  }
 }

public void go() {

///////////////////////DESIGN BEGIN//////////////////////////////////////////////
    frame = new JFrame("Hangman");
    JPanel topPanel = new JPanel();
    myDrawPanel noosePanel = new myDrawPanel();
    JPanel bottomPanel = new JPanel();
    JPanel scorePanel = new JPanel(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));

    frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    frame.setLayout( new GridLayout( 2, 0) );
    bottomPanel.setLayout( new GridLayout( 0, 2) );
    scorePanel.setSize(20,100);

    noosePanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("Your progress.")); 
    topPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("Your arsenal.")); 
    scorePanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("Your score.")); 
    frame.add(topPanel);
    frame.add(bottomPanel);
    bottomPanel.add(scorePanel);
    bottomPanel.add(noosePanel);

//Just the stats panel.
    JPanel stats = new JPanel();
    JLabel currentWordLA = new JLabel("Current word:");
    JLabel triedLettersLA = new JLabel("Tried letters:");
    JLabel triesLeftLA = new JLabel("Tries remaining:");
    JButton restart = new JButton("Reset");

        currentWordLA.setFont(new Font("Verdana", Font.PLAIN, 10));
        currentWordLA.setForeground(Color.black);
        triedLettersLA.setFont(new Font("Verdana", Font.PLAIN, 10));
        triedLettersLA.setForeground(Color.black);
        triesLeftLA.setFont(new Font("Verdana", Font.PLAIN, 10));
        triesLeftLA.setForeground(Color.black);
        restart.setFont(new Font("Verdana", Font.PLAIN, 16));
        restart.setForeground(Color.red);

            stats.setLayout(new GridBagLayout()); 
            GridBagConstraints c = new GridBagConstraints(); 
            c.gridx = 0; 
            c.gridy = 0; 
            c.insets = new Insets(20,0,0,0); 
            c.anchor = GridBagConstraints.LINE_START;
            stats.add(currentWordLA, c); 
            c.gridx = 0; 
            c.gridy = 1; 
            c.anchor = GridBagConstraints.LINE_START;
            stats.add(triedLettersLA, c); 
            c.gridx = 0; 
            c.gridy = 2; 
            c.anchor = GridBagConstraints.LINE_START;
            stats.add(triesLeftLA, c); 
            c.gridx = 0; 
            c.gridy = 3; 
            c.anchor = GridBagConstraints.LINE_START;
            stats.add(restart, c); 
            scorePanel.add(stats);
///////////////////////DESIGN END////////////////////////////////////////////// 
///////////////////////ALPHABET BEGIN//////////////////////////////////////////
    int i;
    StringBuffer buffer;
    a = new Button[26];
    topPanel.setLayout( new GridLayout( 4,0, 10, 10) );
    for (i = 0; i <26; i++) {
           buffer = new StringBuffer();
            buffer.append((char)(i+65));
            a[i] = new Button(buffer.toString());
            a[i].setSize(100,100);
            a[i].addActionListener( this );
          topPanel.add(a[i]);
        }
///////////////////////ALPHABET END//////////////////////////////////////////
//Just shows the entire window.                  
    frame.setSize(500, 500);
    frame.setResizable(false);
    frame.setVisible(true);
//////////////////////GAMEPLAY BEGIN////////////////////////////////////////
    lives = 6;
    mysteryWord = wordGen();


}


//Returns a random word from the wordList bank.
    private String wordGen() {
        return wordList[0 + (int)(Math.random() * ((63 - 0) + 1)) ]; //Make sure to set these to nonprinted chars eventually
    }

    public void consultWord(int letter) {
        if (finished == false) {
            boolean found = false;
        boolean www = false;
                if (used[letter] = false) {
                for (int cl = 0 ; cl < mysteryWord.length(); cl++) {
                if (mysteryWord.charAt(cl)==((char)(letter+65))) found = true;
            }
            if (found == false) 
                    lives = lives - 1;
                }
    used[letter] = true;
            for (int cl = 0; cl < mysteryWord.length(); cl++) {
          if (!used[(int)(mysteryWord.charAt(cl)) - 65]) www = true;
            }
            if (www = false) won = true;        
            frame.repaint();
    }
    }

    public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent e) {
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < 26; i++) {
            if (e.getSource() == a[i]) { 
            consultWord(i); }
  }
}       
}

目前这不起作用。我运行它，出现大量线程异常错误。 (它编译得很漂亮)。它带我到的第一行是

if (used[(int)mysteryWord.charAt(cl)-65])

我不确定这条线有什么问题。此外，原作者使用了数字 65。我调整了我的代码并使用了我自己的变量，以便我了解它是如何工作的。但是数字 65 以及它从何而来，我这辈子都想不通。有什么想法吗？

而且我需要知道是什么导致了所有线程异常。 GUI 构建得很好。把事情搞砸的只是所有的数学和触发器。 (我自己构建的 GUI!:))

异常

Exception in thread "AWT-EventQueue-0" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 34
    at Hangman$myDrawPanel.paintComponent(Hangman.java:55)
    at javax.swing.JComponent.paint(JComponent.java:1054)
    at javax.swing.JComponent.paintChildren(JComponent.java:887)
    at javax.swing.JComponent.paint(JComponent.java:1063)
    at javax.swing.JComponent.paintChildren(JComponent.java:887)
    at javax.swing.JComponent.paint(JComponent.java:1063)
    at javax.swing.JComponent.paintChildren(JComponent.java:887)
    at javax.swing.JComponent.paint(JComponent.java:1063)
    at javax.swing.JLayeredPane.paint(JLayeredPane.java:585)
    at javax.swing.JComponent.paintChildren(JComponent.java:887)

Answer 1

这主要不是对您问题的直接回答，但它与学习编写软件这个更大的问题相关……这是您的总体目标。 (底部有真正的答案。)

你写:

(it's really an abomination of about 10 open source hangman games thrown together)

将一堆现有程序(质量可疑*)混在一起并不是创建软件的好方法。

• 您继承了您“收获”的现有代码中的功能和样式问题。
• 您添加了一堆新功能和样式问题，这些问题是由不同代码库之间的不匹配引起的……以及您的构想。

代码重用可能是一件好事，但您需要有纪律和选择性:

• 设计您自己的代码......遵循您所学的设计原则。
• 使用精心设计的库在库级别进行重用。
• 不要通过复制粘贴重复使用。
• 不要重复使用看起来像狗早餐的代码(或库)。 (如果作者对他/她的代码风格和 API 设计马虎，那是其他质量问题的坏兆头。)

---

(* 您在代码中看到像 65 这样模糊的数字是代码质量差的标志。作者可以而且应该将其写为 'A'。)

事实上，这可能是您的错误的根源，因为看起来您的“神秘”单词是小写的。 'a' - 'A' 是 32，这比您的 used 数组的边界要大。

这让我们回到了我的主要观点。因为，显然，在您的代码混搭中，您未能理解您复制的代码的隐含不变量……并破坏了它们。抛出异常的有问题的语句旨在处理仅大写的单词......但你已经改变了它。