java - main 中出现奇怪的 NullPointer 异常

Question

我正在尝试根据 Java 书籍做一个练习。代码按原样提供，除了设置数据库路径外，我没有向代码添加任何内容。我在 OSX 上，所以我必须安装 Apache Derby。每次我构建并运行程序时，我都会得到这个:

Derby has been started.

Product list:
bvbn    Murach's Beginning Visual Basic .NET        $49.50
cshp    Murach's C#                                 $49.50
java    Murach's Beginning Java                     $49.50
jsps    Murach's Java Servlets and JSP              $49.50
mcb2    Murach's Mainframe COBOL                    $59.50
sqls    Murach's SQL for SQL Server                 $49.50
zjcl    Murach's OS/390 and z/OS JCL                $62.50

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException
First product:
at DBTesterApp.printProduct(DBTesterApp.java:117)
at DBTesterApp.printFirstProduct(DBTesterApp.java:66)
at DBTesterApp.main(DBTesterApp.java:16)
  Java Result: 1
  BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 2 seconds)

我很困惑为什么这个异常一直发生。我似乎没有发现“主要”代码有任何问题(见下文)，我觉得我已经尝试了一切。关于可能导致此问题的任何线索？

import java.sql.*;

public class DBTesterApp
{
private static Connection connection = null;

public static void main(String args[])
{
    // get the connection and start the Derby engine
    connection = MurachDB.getConnection();
    if (connection != null)
        System.out.println("Derby has been started.\n");

    // select data from database
    printProducts();
    printFirstProduct();
    printLastProduct();
    printProductByCode("java");

    // modify data in the database
    Product p = new Product("test", "Test Product", 49.50);        
    insertProduct(p);
    printProducts();

    deleteProduct(p);
    printProducts();

    // disconnect from the database
    if (MurachDB.disconnect())
        System.out.println("Derby has been shut down.\n");
}

public static void printProducts()
{
    try (Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
         ResultSet rs = statement.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM Products"))
    {            
        Product p = null;

        System.out.println("Product list:");
        while(rs.next())
        {
            String code = rs.getString("ProductCode");
            String description = rs.getString("Description");
            double price = rs.getDouble("Price");

            p = new Product(code, description, price);

            printProduct(p);
        }
        System.out.println();
    }
    catch(SQLException e)
    {
        e.printStackTrace();  // for debugging
    }
}

public static void printFirstProduct()
{
    Product p = null;

    // add code that prints the record for the first product in the Products table

    System.out.println("First product:");
    printProduct(p);
    System.out.println();
}

public static void printLastProduct()
{
    Product p = null;

    // add code that prints the record for the last product in the Products table

    System.out.println("Last product:");
    printProduct(p);
    System.out.println();
}

public static void printProductByCode(String productCode)
{
    Product p = null;

    // add code that prints the product with the specified code

    System.out.println("Product by code: " + productCode);
    printProduct(p);
    System.out.println();
}

public static void insertProduct(Product p)
{
    System.out.println("Insert test: ");

    // add code that inserts the specified product into the database
    // if a product with the specifed code already exists, display an error message

    printProduct(p);
    System.out.println();
}

private static void deleteProduct(Product p)
{
    System.out.println("Delete test: ");

    // add code that deletes the specified product from the database
    // if a product with the specified code doesn't exist, display an error message

    printProduct(p);
    System.out.println();
}

// use this method to print a Product object on a single line
private static void printProduct(Product p)
{
    String productString =
        StringUtils.padWithSpaces(p.getCode(), 8) +
        StringUtils.padWithSpaces(p.getDescription(), 44) +
        p.getFormattedPrice();

    System.out.println(productString);
 }
}

Answer 1

由于 Product p 尚未实例化，此代码序列将产生一个 NPE:

Product p = null;

System.out.println("First product:");
printProduct(p);