bash - 使用 awk getline bash 从指定时间范围内的日志文件中提取数据

Question

我正在搜索解析日志文件，并在此链接中找到了我需要的内容 extract data from log file in specified range of time

但最有用的答案(由@Kent 发布):

# this variable you could customize, important is convert to seconds. 
# e.g 5days=$((5*24*3600))
x=$((5*60))   #here we take 5 mins as example

# this line get the timestamp in seconds of last line of your logfile
last=$(tail -n1 logFile|awk -F'[][]' '{ gsub(/\//," ",$2); sub(/:/," ",$2); "date +%s -d \""$2"\""|getline d; print d;}' )

#this awk will give you lines you needs:
awk -F'[][]' -v last=$last -v x=$x '{ gsub(/\//," ",$2); sub(/:/," ",$2); "date +%s -d \""$2"\""|getline d; if (last-d<=x)print $0 }' logFile 

我认为错误在 "date +%s -d .... 部分

出现以下错误:

sh: -c: line 0: unexpected EOF while looking for matching `"'
sh: -c: line 1: syntax error: unexpected end of file
sh: -c: line 0: unexpected EOF while looking for matching `"'
sh: -c: line 1: syntax error: unexpected end of file

我在这里问之前花了很多时间试图解决但没有找到任何解决方案。

该脚本将由 crontab 调用以获取最后 1 分钟的日志行并计算一个 ip 在一分钟内被列出的次数，以便我可以检测它是否是攻击。这是另一个任务，希望高手帮忙在同一个问题中给出所需的代码。(我认为它可以在2行中解决)。

Answer 1

问题可能只是您没有引用 shell 变量。看:

$ foo='ab cd'

$ awk -v bar="$foo" 'BEGIN{print bar}'
ab cd

$ awk -v bar=$foo 'BEGIN{print bar}'
awk: fatal: cannot open file `BEGIN{print bar}' for reading (No such file or directory)

是的，我知道那是一条不同的错误消息 - 当您将 shell 变量不加引号时会发生什么，取决于变量的值、目录的内容等，其中一些非常糟糕，例如删除文件系统中的每个文件。

所以，引用你的变量:

-v last="$last" -v x="$x"

然后看看你是否还有问题。

顺便说一下，下面是如何使用 GNU awk 和输入文件 http://pastebin.com/BXmS4zLn 真正解决您原来的问题。 :

$ cat tst.awk
BEGIN {
    ARGV[ARGC++] = ARGV[ARGC-1]

    mths = "JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec"

    if (days)  { hours = days * 24  }
    if (hours) { mins  = hours * 60 }
    if (mins)  { secs  = mins * 60  }
    deltaSecs = secs
}

NR==FNR {
    nr2secs[NR] = mktime($6" "(match(mths,$5)+2)/3" "$4" "gensub(/:/," ","g",$7))
    next
}

nr2secs[FNR] >= (nr2secs[NR-FNR] - deltaSecs)

$ awk -v hours=1 -f tst.awk file
157.55.34.99 - -  06 Sep 2013 09:13:10 +0300  "GET /index.php HTTP/1.1" 200 16977 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; bingbot/2.0; +http://www.bing.com/bingbot.htm)"
85.163.134.149 - -  06 Sep 2013 09:50:23 +0300  "GET /wap/wapicons/mnrwap.jpg HTTP/1.1" 200 1217 "http://mydomain.com/main.php" "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 4.1.2; en-gb; GT-I9082 Build/JZO54K) AppleWebKit/534.30 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/534.30"
83.113.48.218 - -  06 Sep 2013 10:13:07 +0300  "GET /english/nicons/word.gif HTTP/1.1" 200 803 "http://mydomain.com/french/details.php?eid=127928&cid=18&fromval=1&frid=18" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/5.0)"

$ gawk -v mins=60 -f tst.awk file
157.55.34.99 - -  06 Sep 2013 09:13:10 +0300  "GET /index.php HTTP/1.1" 200 16977 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; bingbot/2.0; +http://www.bing.com/bingbot.htm)"
85.163.134.149 - -  06 Sep 2013 09:50:23 +0300  "GET /wap/wapicons/mnrwap.jpg HTTP/1.1" 200 1217 "http://mydomain.com/main.php" "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 4.1.2; en-gb; GT-I9082 Build/JZO54K) AppleWebKit/534.30 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/534.30"
83.113.48.218 - -  06 Sep 2013 10:13:07 +0300  "GET /english/nicons/word.gif HTTP/1.1" 200 803 "http://mydomain.com/french/details.php?eid=127928&cid=18&fromval=1&frid=18" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/5.0)"

$ gawk -v mins=20 -f tst.awk file
83.113.48.218 - -  06 Sep 2013 10:13:07 +0300  "GET /english/nicons/word.gif HTTP/1.1" 200 803 "http://mydomain.com/french/details.php?eid=127928&cid=18&fromval=1&frid=18" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/5.0)"

您可以指定 days= 或 hours= 或 mins= 或 secs= 变量，它会做正确的事情。

如果您只需要一个脚本来获取最后 1 分钟的日志行，如您的问题所述(现在？)，并且希望看到一个单行代码来完成它:

$ gawk 'NR==FNR {nr2secs[++nr] = mktime($6" "(match("JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec",$5)+2)/3" "$4" "gensub(/:/," ","g",$7)); next} nr2secs[FNR] >= (nr2secs[nr] - 60)' file file
83.113.48.218 - -  06 Sep 2013 10:13:07 +0300  "GET /english/nicons/word.gif HTTP/1.1" 200 803 "http://mydomain.com/french/details.php?eid=127928&cid=18&fromval=1&frid=18" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/5.0)"