python - macos Django 找不到 mysqlclient

Question

我是 Django 2.2.8 python3.7

我做了一个Django的虚拟环境，我也安装了mysqlclient

这是我所有的包，我有mysqlclient。

Package             Version
------------------- -------
asgiref             3.2.3  
Django              2.2.8  
django-filter       2.2.0  
djangorestframework 3.10.3 
mysqlclient         1.4.6  
pip                 19.0.3 
pytz                2019.3 
setuptools          40.8.0 
sqlparse            0.3.0  

除了数据库链接之外我没有进行任何设置

这是错误消息

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/a1/PycharmProjects/xuexi/xunilufei/lufei01/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 15, in <module>
    import MySQLdb as Database
  File "/Users/a1/PycharmProjects/xuexi/xunilufei/lufei01/lib/python3.7/site-packages/MySQLdb/__init__.py", line 18, in <module>
    from . import _mysql
ImportError: dlopen(/Users/a1/PycharmProjects/xuexi/xunilufei/lufei01/lib/python3.7/site-packages/MySQLdb/_mysql.cpython-37m-darwin.so, 2): Library not loaded: @rpath/libmysqlclient.21.dylib
  Referenced from: /Users/a1/PycharmProjects/xuexi/xunilufei/lufei01/lib/python3.7/site-packages/MySQLdb/_mysql.cpython-37m-darwin.so
  Reason: image not found

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 21, in <module>
    main()
  File "manage.py", line 17, in main
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/Users/a1/PycharmProjects/xuexi/xunilufei/lufei01/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 381, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/Users/a1/PycharmProjects/xuexi/xunilufei/lufei01/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 357, in execute
    django.setup()
  File "/Users/a1/PycharmProjects/xuexi/xunilufei/lufei01/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 24, in setup
    apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
  File "/Users/a1/PycharmProjects/xuexi/xunilufei/lufei01/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 114, in populate
    app_config.import_models()
  File "/Users/a1/PycharmProjects/xuexi/xunilufei/lufei01/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 211, in import_models
    self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 983, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 967, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 677, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 728, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/Users/a1/PycharmProjects/xuexi/xunilufei/lufei01/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 2, in <module>
    from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
  File "/Users/a1/PycharmProjects/xuexi/xunilufei/lufei01/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/base_user.py", line 47, in <module>
    class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
  File "/Users/a1/PycharmProjects/xuexi/xunilufei/lufei01/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 117, in __new__
    new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, app_label))
  File "/Users/a1/PycharmProjects/xuexi/xunilufei/lufei01/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 321, in add_to_class
    value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
  File "/Users/a1/PycharmProjects/xuexi/xunilufei/lufei01/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/models/options.py", line 204, in contribute_to_class
    self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
  File "/Users/a1/PycharmProjects/xuexi/xunilufei/lufei01/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 28, in __getattr__
    return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item)
  File "/Users/a1/PycharmProjects/xuexi/xunilufei/lufei01/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 201, in __getitem__
    backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
  File "/Users/a1/PycharmProjects/xuexi/xunilufei/lufei01/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 110, in load_backend
    return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "/Users/a1/PycharmProjects/xuexi/xunilufei/lufei01/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 20, in <module>
    ) from err
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module.
Did you install mysqlclient?

实在找不到问题所在

感谢您的帮助我没有做任何设置除了数据库链接之外我没有进行任何设置

DATABASES = {
   'default': {
          'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', 
          'NAME': 'jialuffei',                       
          'USER': 'root',                       
          # 'PASSWORD': 'mysql',                   
          'PASSWORD': '060606',                   
          'HOST': '',                           
          'PORT': '',                           
          'OPTIONS': {
             'autocommit': True,
         }
    }
}

Answer 1

可能不是这样，但可以肯定的是，您是否在 settings.py 中添加并配置了数据库引擎？我的示例是旧版本的 Django (1.10)，但仍然适用于您的版本，我记得遇到了问题并且必须配置引擎。

我怀疑如果没有配置，您甚至不会收到该错误，因此也许这个答案是不必要的，但我只是在经历思考过程。

# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/settings/#databases
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/ref/settings/#databases
DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'db_name',
        'HOST': 'localhost',
        'PORT': '3306',
        'USER': 'db_user',
        'PASSWORD': 'db_password',
    }
}