windows - 创建窗口时 ntdll.dll 中的 SIGSEGV

Question

我正在尝试创建一个简单的 GUI 应用程序，它在 Windows 7 x64 上显示一个窗口。我正在使用 FFI 以从 rust 调用 Windows API，但我一直在 ntdll.dll 中获取 SIGSEGV。我做错了什么吗？

完整代码可以在 https://github.com/rillomas/rust_sample 找到，但我会在这里发布主要内容。

• winapi.h 和 winapi.c 是 Windows API 的 C 包装器。它们被编译成静态库 (libwinapi)
• winapi.rs 是一个链接到 FFI 的 libwinapi 的 crate。
• main.rs 链接到 winapi 并显示一个窗口。

rustc -v 的信息如下:

C:\Program Files (x86)\Rust\bin\rustc.exe 0.11-pre-nightly (7d725a3 2014-04-21 23:01:39 -0700)
host: i686-pc-mingw32

winapi.h

#ifndef WINAPI_H_
#define WINAPI_H_
#define UNICODE

#include <windows.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#define API_CALL_CONVENTION __stdcall

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif


typedef struct {
    int width;
    int height;
    HWND handle;
} WindowContext;

bool API_CALL_CONVENTION createWindow(WindowContext* context, LPCTSTR title);
void API_CALL_CONVENTION mainLoop(WindowContext* context);

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

#endif // WINAPI_H_

winapi.c

#include "winapi.h"

bool API_CALL_CONVENTION createWindow(WindowContext* context, LPCTSTR title) {
    WNDCLASS wnd;
    memset(&wnd, 0, sizeof(wnd));
    HINSTANCE hInstance = GetModuleHandle(NULL);
    wnd.lpfnWndProc   = (WNDPROC)DefWindowProc;
    wnd.style         = CS_OWNDC;
    wnd.hInstance     = hInstance; 
    wnd.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
    wnd.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    wnd.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH); 
    wnd.lpszMenuName = NULL;
    wnd.lpszClassName = TEXT("opengles2.0");

    if (!RegisterClass (&wnd) ) {
        return false; 
    }

    DWORD wStyle = WS_VISIBLE | WS_POPUP | WS_BORDER | WS_SYSMENU | WS_CAPTION | WS_SIZEBOX;

    // Adjust the window rectangle so that the client area has
    // the correct number of pixels
    RECT windowRect;
    windowRect.left = 0;
    windowRect.top = 0;
    windowRect.right = context->width;
    windowRect.bottom = context->height;

    BOOL result = AdjustWindowRect(&windowRect, wStyle, FALSE);
    if (!result) {
        return false;
    }

    HWND handle = CreateWindow(
                        TEXT("opengles2.0"),
                        title,
                        wStyle,
                        0,
                        0,
                        windowRect.right - windowRect.left,
                        windowRect.bottom - windowRect.top,
                        NULL,
                        NULL,
                        hInstance,
                        NULL);

    // Set the ESContext* to the GWL_USERDATA so that it is available to the 
    // ESWindowProc
    SetWindowLongPtr(handle, GWLP_USERDATA, (LONG) (LONG_PTR) NULL);

    if(handle == NULL) {
      return false;
    }

    ShowWindow(handle, TRUE);
    context->handle = handle;
    return true;
}

void API_CALL_CONVENTION mainLoop(WindowContext* context) {
    MSG msg = { 0 };
    int done = 0;
    // DWORD lastTime = GetTickCount();

    while (!done) {
        int gotMsg = (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE) != 0);
        // DWORD curTime = GetTickCount();
        // float deltaTime = (float)( curTime - lastTime ) / 1000.0f;
        // lastTime = curTime;

        if ( gotMsg ) {
            if (msg.message==WM_QUIT) {
                done=1; 
            } else {
                TranslateMessage(&msg); 
                DispatchMessage(&msg); 
            }
        } else {
            SendMessage( context->handle, WM_PAINT, 0, 0 );
        }

        // Call update function if registered
        // if (esContext->updateFunc != NULL ) {
        //     esContext->updateFunc ( esContext, deltaTime );
        // }
    }
}

winapi.rs

#![crate_id = "winapi#0.1"]
#![crate_type = "lib"]
extern crate libc;
use libc::types::common::c95::{c_void};
use libc::types::os::arch::c95::{c_int};
use std::ptr::null;

// win32 related types
type LPCWSTR = *u16;
pub type HMODULE = *c_void;

pub struct WindowContext {
    pub width: c_int,
    pub height: c_int,
    pub handle: *c_void
}

#[cfg(windows)]
#[link(name="winapi")]
#[link(name="gdi32")]
extern "stdcall" {
    fn createWindow(context: *WindowContext, title: LPCWSTR) -> bool;
    fn mainLoop(context: *WindowContext);
}

// #[cfg(target_os = "win32", target_arch = "x86")]
#[cfg(windows)]
#[link(name="kernel32")]
extern "system" {
    fn GetModuleHandleW(lpModuleName: LPCWSTR) -> HMODULE;
}

pub fn get_module_handle(name: Option<~str>) -> HMODULE {
    match name {
        Some(n) => std::os::win32::as_utf16_p(n, |buf| unsafe { GetModuleHandleW(buf) }),
        None => unsafe { GetModuleHandleW(null())}
    }
}

pub fn create_window(context: *WindowContext, title: ~str) -> bool {
    std::os::win32::as_utf16_p(title, |buf| unsafe { createWindow(context, buf) })
}

pub fn main_loop(context: *WindowContext) {
    unsafe { mainLoop(context) }
}

主.rs

extern crate winapi;
use std::ptr::null;

fn main() {
    let handle = winapi::get_module_handle(None);
    println!("handle: {}", handle);
    let context = winapi::WindowContext {
        width: 320,
        height: 240,
        handle: null()
    };
    let result = winapi::create_window(&context, ~"Sample Window");
    if !result {
        println!("Failed to create window");
        return;
    }

    winapi::main_loop(&context);
}

构建日志

PS C:\Users\masato\Documents\GitHub\rust_sample> cmake -G "MinGW Makefiles"
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.8.1
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 4.8.1
-- Check for working C compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/mingw-builds/x32-4.8.1-win32-dwarf-rev5/mingw32/bin/gcc.exe
-- Check for working C compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/mingw-builds/x32-4.8.1-win32-dwarf-rev5/mingw32/bin/gcc.exe -- w
orks
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/mingw-builds/x32-4.8.1-win32-dwarf-rev5/mingw32/bin/g++.exe
-- Check for working CXX compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/mingw-builds/x32-4.8.1-win32-dwarf-rev5/mingw32/bin/g++.exe --
 works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: C:/Users/masato/Documents/GitHub/rust_sample

PS C:\Users\masato\Documents\GitHub\rust_sample> mingw32-make.exe
Scanning dependencies of target winapi
[ 50%] Building C object CMakeFiles/winapi.dir/winapi/winapi.c.obj
Linking C static library libwinapi.a
[ 50%] Built target winapi
Scanning dependencies of target winapi_sample
[100%] Building C object CMakeFiles/winapi_sample.dir/winapi_sample.c.obj
C:\Users\masato\Documents\GitHub\rust_sample\winapi_sample.c: In function 'main':
C:\Users\masato\Documents\GitHub\rust_sample\winapi_sample.c:6:5: warning: format '%x' expects argument of type 'unsigne
d int', but argument 2 has type 'HMODULE' [-Wformat=]
     printf("Module addres: 0x%x\n", addr);
     ^
Linking C executable winapi_sample.exe
[100%] Built target winapi_sample

PS C:\Users\masato\Documents\GitHub\rust_sample> rustc winapi.rs

PS C:\Users\masato\Documents\GitHub\rust_sample> rustc .\main.rs -L .

gdb输出日志

PS C:\Users\masato\Documents\GitHub\rust_sample> gdb .\main.exe
GNU gdb (GDB) 7.6
Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.  Type "show copying"
and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "i686-w64-mingw32".
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>...
Reading symbols from C:\Users\masato\Documents\GitHub\rust_sample\main.exe...done.
(gdb) r
Starting program: C:\Users\masato\Documents\GitHub\rust_sample\main.exe
[New Thread 7060.0x1a0c]
[New Thread 7060.0x422c]
handle: 0x400000

Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
0x76f3fc62 in ntdll!ZwMapViewOfSection () from C:\Windows\system32\ntdll.dll
(gdb) bt
#0  0x76f3fc62 in ntdll!ZwMapViewOfSection () from C:\Windows\system32\ntdll.dll
#1  0x76f3fc62 in ntdll!ZwMapViewOfSection () from C:\Windows\system32\ntdll.dll
#2  0x762ceba2 in MapViewOfFile () from C:\Windows\syswow64\KernelBase.dll
#3  0x70a25313 in UxTheme!GetThemeBitmap () from C:\Windows\SysWOW64\uxtheme.dll
#4  0x70a251e5 in UxTheme!GetThemeBitmap () from C:\Windows\SysWOW64\uxtheme.dll
#5  0x70a253e5 in UxTheme!GetThemeBitmap () from C:\Windows\SysWOW64\uxtheme.dll
#6  0x70a25a77 in UxTheme!GetThemeBitmap () from C:\Windows\SysWOW64\uxtheme.dll
#7  0x70a25cc4 in UxTheme!GetThemeBitmap () from C:\Windows\SysWOW64\uxtheme.dll
#8  0x70a22094 in UxTheme!CloseThemeData () from C:\Windows\SysWOW64\uxtheme.dll
#9  0x70a24260 in UxTheme!IsThemePartDefined () from C:\Windows\SysWOW64\uxtheme.dll
#10 0x70a2421d in UxTheme!IsThemePartDefined () from C:\Windows\SysWOW64\uxtheme.dll
#11 0x70a246ed in UxTheme!ThemeInitApiHook () from C:\Windows\SysWOW64\uxtheme.dll
#12 0x74daacd4 in UnregisterClassW () from C:\Windows\syswow64\user32.dll
#13 0x74daab0e in UnregisterClassW () from C:\Windows\syswow64\user32.dll
#14 0x76f3010a in ntdll!KiUserCallbackDispatcher () from C:\Windows\system32\ntdll.dll
#15 0x0028fa9c in ?? ()
#16 0x74dbc6f1 in USER32!AdjustWindowRect () from C:\Windows\syswow64\user32.dll
#17 0x004cc196 in createWindow@8 (context=0x28fcc8, title=0x9f3618 L"Sample Window")
    at C:\Users\masato\Documents\GitHub\rust_sample\winapi\winapi.c:85
#18 0x00403bfd in create_window::closure.1804 ()
#19 0x00403b8a in os::win32::as_utf16_p::h611005080090069878::v0.1 ()
#20 0x00403a2e in create_window::h0d38b3844b04f5aaEba::v0.1 ()
#21 0x0040174c in main::h8f0d1dbc5859ab98gaa::v0.0 ()
#22 0x0042cac8 in start::closure.7798 ()
#23 0x004c035c in rt::task::Task::run::closure.40266 ()
#24 0x004c46b5 in rt::unwind::Unwinder::try::try_fn::hf6246262045efccdJS9::v0.11.pre ()
#25 0x004cc006 in rust_try ()
#26 0x004c0234 in rt::task::Task::run::h08ef5174e2ea21abwj8::v0.11.pre ()
#27 0x0042c97d in start::h07163dfeb7ec96475Ld::v0.11.pre ()
#28 0x0042c829 in lang_start::h59c5ddaef2ad2b17pLd::v0.11.pre ()
#29 0x00401810 in main ()
(gdb)

Answer 1

我发现您的代码存在以下问题:

• 在检查 CreateWindow 是否成功之前调用 SetWindowLongPtr。
• 对于 x 和 ，您应该将 windowRect.left 和 windowRect.top 传递给 CreateWindow y 坐标。
• 您的消息循环有些奇怪。经典的 GetMessage 循环有什么问题？
• 发送WM_PAINT 消息的代码是错误的。你不能这样做。如果要重绘，请使用 InvalidateRect。

我怀疑以上任何一项都不能解释您的错误。但是，我当然想理清消息循环。它应该看起来像这样:

MSG msg;
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
    TranslateMessage(&msg);
    DispatchMessage(&msg);
}

如果我使用你的 Win32 C 代码并用我的 C 编译器编译它，那么它运行得很好。这让我认为问题出在您使用的链接过程上。 AdjustWindowRect 中的访问冲突看起来很奇怪。堆栈跟踪有一堆来自主题 API 的函数。你的程序是如何体现的？