rust - 在 Rust 的元组中输入匹配 BTreeSet 的类型

Question

我有如下代码(更大库的一部分)。编译器告诉我元组没有实现特征，但我有一个元组和该元组的一个元素的实现。它适用于另一种类型的元组。

为什么元组 (BTreeSet<Annotation>)在这里没有匹配？

use std::collections::BTreeSet;

pub struct Axiom {}
pub struct Annotation {}

pub struct AnnotatedAxiom {
    pub axiom: Axiom,
    pub annotation: BTreeSet<Annotation>,
}

trait Render {
    /// Render a entity to Write
    fn render(&self);
}

impl<'a, T: Render> Render for &'a BTreeSet<T> {
    fn render(&self) {}
}

impl<'a, A: Render> Render for (&'a A,) {
    fn render(&self) {
        (&self.0).render();
    }
}

/// The types in `Render` are too long to type.
macro_rules! render {
    ($type:ty, $self:ident,
     $body:tt) => {

        impl Render for $type {
            fn render(& $self)
                $body
        }
    }
}

render!{
    Annotation, self,
    {
    }
}
render!{
    Axiom, self,
    {
    }
}

render!{
    AnnotatedAxiom, self,
    {
        // Axiom implements Render
        (&self.axiom).render();

        // Annotation implements Render
        (&self.annotation).render();

        // A 1-element tuple of Axiom implements Render
        (&self.axiom,).render();

        // A 1-element tuple of Annotation does!?
        (&self.annotation,).render();

    }
}

fn main() {}

Playground

error[E0599]: no method named `render` found for type `(&std::collections::BTreeSet<Annotation>,)` in the current scope
  --> src/main.rs:62:29
   |
62 |         (&self.annotation,).render();
   |                             ^^^^^^
   |
   = note: the method `render` exists but the following trait bounds were not satisfied:
           `(&std::collections::BTreeSet<Annotation>,) : Render`
   = help: items from traits can only be used if the trait is implemented and in scope
   = note: the following trait defines an item `render`, perhaps you need to implement it:
           candidate #1: `Render`

Answer 1

在实现链中存在差距:

impl<'a, T: Render> Render for &'a BTreeSet<T> {
    // ....
}

impl<'a, A: Render> Render for (&'a A,) {
    // ...
}

第一个 impl 为 reference BTreeSet 提供了 Render，而第二个提供了一个实现对实现 Render 的事物的引用的元组。由于 BTreeSet 本身没有实现 Render(只有对它的引用才实现!)，编译器将拒绝工作。

在这种情况下，从引用中抽象出来更符合人体工程学，因为 Render 似乎适合对另一个 Render 值的任何引用。为所有引用 &T 实现此特征，其中 T: Render:

impl<'a, T> Render for &'a T
where
    T: Render,
{
    fn render(&self) {
        (**self).render();
    }
}

因此，其余的实现变得稍微简单了一些:

impl<T> Render for BTreeSet<T>
where
    T: Render,
{
    fn render(&self) {}
}

impl<A> Render for (A,)
where
    A: Render,
{
    fn render(&self) {
        (&self.0).render();
    }
}

Working Playground

另见:

• When should I not implement a trait for references to implementors of that trait?