gpt4 book ai didi

rust - "Variable does not live long enough"返回包含引用的结果但它确实存在足够长的时间

转载 作者:行者123 更新时间:2023-11-29 08:06:01 25 4
gpt4 key购买 nike

我正在实现一个小实用程序,编译器告诉我一个变量(TcpStream)的生命周期不够长,建议我找到一种方法使它的生命周期正好一样长因为它现在还活着。

错误信息

error[E0597]: `stream` does not live long enough
--> src/main.rs:47:35
|
47 | match handle_request(&mut stream){
| ^^^^^^ borrowed value does not live long enough
...
54 | }
| - borrowed value only lives until here
|
note: borrowed value must be valid for the anonymous lifetime #1 defined on the function body at 43:1...
--> src/main.rs:43:1
|
43 | / fn handle_array(stream: &mut BufReader<TcpStream>) -> Result<Data,Errors>
44 | | {
45 | | let mut array: Vec<Data> = Vec::with_capacity(50);//arbitrary size, picked differently in the complete program
46 | | for _x in 0..50 {
... |
53 | | Ok(Data::Array(array))
54 | | }
| |_^

代码

Rust playground snippet with the exact problem

use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::io::BufReader;
use std::io::Read;
use std::net::TcpStream;

static TOKEN: &[u8; 2] = b"\r\n";

fn main() {}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub enum Data {
String(Vec<u8>),
Error(Vec<u8>),
Integer(i64),
Binary(Vec<u8>),
Array(Vec<Data>),
Dictionary(HashMap<String, Data>),
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub enum Errors<'a> {
CommandError(&'a str),
EndOfConnection,
NotImplemented,
}

pub fn handle_request(stream: &mut BufReader<TcpStream>) -> Result<Data, Errors> {
//TODO handle the empty stream
let mut buff: [u8; 1] = *b"0";
stream.read_exact(&mut buff); //TODO: handle error here
match &buff {
/* part skipped, not relevant */
b"*" => handle_array(stream),
&[_] => Err(Errors::CommandError("Bad request")),
}
}

/*part skipped, not relevant */

fn handle_array(stream: &mut BufReader<TcpStream>) -> Result<Data, Errors> {
let mut array: Vec<Data> = Vec::with_capacity(50); //arbitrary size, picked differently in the complete program
for _x in 0..50 {
match handle_request(&mut stream) {
Ok(x) => array.push(x.clone()),
Err(x) => return Err(x.clone()),
}
}

Ok(Data::Array(array))
}

我真的被这个问题困住了。

看来我不能使用Err的值。如果我更换

match handle_request(&mut stream){
Ok(x) => array.push(x.clone()),
Err(x) => return Err(x.clone()),
}

match handle_request(&mut stream){
Ok(x) => array.push(x.clone()),
Err(_) => return Err(Errors::NotImplemented),
}

问题解决了,但不知道为什么。

最佳答案

你的问题可以简化为:

struct Reader;
struct Data;
struct Errors<'a>(&'a str);

fn handle_array(stream: &mut Reader) -> Result<Data, Errors> {
for _ in 0..0 {
handle_request(&mut stream)?;
}

unimplemented!();
}

fn handle_request(_stream: &mut Reader) -> Result<Data, Errors> {
unimplemented!()
}

fn main() {}
error[E0597]: `stream` does not live long enough
--> src/main.rs:7:29
|
7 | handle_request(&mut stream)?;
| ^^^^^^ borrowed value does not live long enough
...
11 | }
| - borrowed value only lives until here
|
note: borrowed value must be valid for the anonymous lifetime #1 defined on the function body at 5:1...
--> src/main.rs:5:1
|
5 | / fn handle_array(stream: &mut Reader) -> Result<Data, Errors> {
6 | | for _ in 0..0 {
7 | | handle_request(&mut stream)?;
8 | | }
9 | |
10 | | unimplemented!();
11 | | }
| |_^

handle_array的主体中,stream的类型是&mut Reader。但是,当调用 handle_request 时,您对其进行另一个引用,创建一个 &mut &mut Reader

向代码添加一些明确的生命周期(出于教育目的,这不会编译),代码看起来有点像这样:

fn handle_array<'stream>(stream: &'stream mut Reader) -> Result<Data, Errors> {
let tmp: &'tmp mut &'stream mut Reader = &mut stream;
if let Err(x) = handle_request(tmp)

handle_request 需要一个 &mut Reader,因此编译器会插入一些代码来为您对齐这两种类型。编译器必须对其如何执行此转换保持保守,因此它会选择较短的生命周期:

fn handle_array<'stream>(stream: &'stream mut Reader) -> Result<Data, Errors> {
let tmp: &'tmp mut &'stream mut Reader = &mut stream;
let tmp2: &'tmp mut Reader = tmp;
if let Err(x) = handle_request(tmp2)

问题的下一个方面是 lifetime elision 已经启动了这两个函数。它们的扩展形式如下所示:

fn handle_array<'stream>(stream: &'stream mut Reader) -> Result<Data, Errors<'stream>>

fn handle_request<'_stream>(_stream: &_stream mut Reader) -> Result<Data, Errors<'_stream>>

这意味着返回的 Errors 的生命周期与参数的生命周期相关,但在您的情况下,handle_request 的参数具有较短的 'tmp 生命周期,不是 'stream 的生命周期。这说明了为什么会出现编译器错误:您正在尝试返回只能存在于函数内部Errors(变量stream 的生命周期> 本身),但您正在尝试返回需要更长寿的引用。

我们可以通过将 stream 传递给 handle_request 来解决这个问题:

handle_request(stream)?;

不幸的是,这只会改变错误:

error[E0499]: cannot borrow `*stream` as mutable more than once at a time
--> src/main.rs:9:40
|
9 | if let Err(x) = handle_request(stream) {
| ^^^^^^ mutable borrow starts here in previous iteration of loop
...
15 | }
| - mutable borrow ends here

这部分更难解释。见:

现在这是 Rust 的一个非常粗糙的边缘,但它越来越接近被修复!但是,现在您有两个主要选择:

调用函数两次

这可能行不通,因为您无法从流中读取两次,但在其他情况下它可能会有用:

fn handle_array(stream: &mut Reader) -> Result<Data, Errors> {
let mut array = vec![];
for _ in 0..0 {
if handle_request(stream).is_err() {
return handle_request(stream);
}
if let Ok(r) = handle_request(stream) {
array.push(r);
};
}

unimplemented!();
}

删除引用

在这种情况下暂时放弃尝试引用。

struct Errors(String);

fn handle_array(stream: &mut Reader) -> Result<Data, Errors> {
let mut array = vec![];
for _ in 0..0 {
array.push(handle_request(stream)?);
}

unimplemented!();
}

我会使用迭代器来提高效率:

fn handle_array(stream: &mut Reader) -> Result<Data, Errors> {
let array = (0..0)
.map(|_| handle_request(stream))
.collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;

unimplemented!();
}

future ?

使用不稳定 NLL 功能和实验性“Polonius”实现,此代码有效:

struct Errors<'a>(&'a str);

fn handle_array(stream: &mut Reader) -> Result<Data, Errors> {
let mut array = vec![];
for _ in (0..0) {
array.push(handle_request(stream)?);
}

unimplemented!();
}

这还需要一段时间才能普遍可用...

关于rust - "Variable does not live long enough"返回包含引用的结果但它确实存在足够长的时间,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/50995241/

25 4 0
Copyright 2021 - 2024 cfsdn All Rights Reserved 蜀ICP备2022000587号
广告合作:1813099741@qq.com 6ren.com