java - 有没有更有效的多项式乘法方法？

Question

这是我将两个 an*x^n + an-1*x^n-1 + ... + a1*x + a0 形式的多项式相乘的方法.每个Term对象有两个字段:double coefficient和 int power . Polynomial通过将项存储在 ArrayList<Term> 中来表示多项式.当前的乘法实现是 O(n^2)。关于如何使其更快的任何想法或提示？

public Polynomial multiply(Polynomial P2) {
    PolynomialImp result = new PolynomialImp();
    for (Term currentThisTerm : this.terms)
    {
        for (Term currentP2Term : ((PolynomialImp) P2).terms)
        {
            result.addTerm(new TermImp(currentThisTerm.getCoefficient()*currentP2Term.getCoefficient(), currentThisTerm.getExponent() + currentP2Term.getExponent()));
        }
    }
    //Sort polynomial in decreasing exponent order
    return result.sort();
}

如果需要，下面是 addTerm 方法:

private void addTerm(Term nextTerm)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < this.terms.size(); i++)
    {
        if (this.terms.get(i).getExponent() == nextTerm.getExponent())
        {
            //Add the coefficients if the current term has the same exponent as a term that is already in the polynomial.
            //This preserves the sorting of the polynomial except during multiply.
            this.terms.set(i, new TermImp(this.terms.get(i).getCoefficient() + nextTerm.getCoefficient(), this.terms.get(i).getExponent()));
            return;
        }
    }
    //Avoid adding zeros to the polynomial.
    if (nextTerm.getCoefficient() != 0)
        this.terms.add(nextTerm);
}

Answer 1

这就是我实现这个功能的方式

public class Polynomial {
    private final double[] coeff;

    public Polynomial(double... coeff) {
        this.coeff = coeff;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return Arrays.toString(coeff);
    }

    public Polynomial multiply(Polynomial polynomial) {
        int totalLength = coeff.length + polynomial.coeff.length - 1;
        double[] result = new double[totalLength];
        for (int i = 0; i < coeff.length; i++)
            for (int j = 0; j < polynomial.coeff.length; j++) {
                result[i + j] += coeff[i] * polynomial.coeff[j];
            }
        return new Polynomial(result);
    }

    public static void main(String... args) {
        Polynomial p1 = new Polynomial(1, 2, 3);
        System.out.println(p1 + "^2 =" + p1.multiply(p1));
        Polynomial p2 = new Polynomial(3, -1, -1);
        System.out.println(p1 + "*" + p2 + "=" + p1.multiply(p2));
    }
}

打印

[1.0, 2.0, 3.0]^2 =[1.0, 4.0, 10.0, 12.0, 9.0]
[1.0, 2.0, 3.0]*[3.0, -1.0, -1.0]=[3.0, 5.0, 6.0, -5.0, -3.0]