rust - 当谓词返回 Result 时如何过滤迭代器？

Question

我希望迭代器被过滤，但是我的谓词有失败的可能性。当谓词失败时，我想让整个函数失败。在此示例中，我希望 work 返回由 maybe 生成的 Result:

fn maybe(v: u32) -> Result<bool, u8> {
    match v % 3 {
        0 => Ok(true),
        1 => Ok(false),
        2 => Err(42),
    }
}

fn work() -> Result<Vec<u32>, u8> {
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].iter().filter(|&&x| maybe(x)).collect()
}

fn main() {
    println!("{:?}", work())
}

error[E0308]: mismatched types
  --> src/main.rs:10:45
   |
10 |         [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].iter().filter(|&&x| maybe(x)).collect()
   |                                             ^^^^^^^^ expected bool, found enum `std::result::Result`
   |
   = note: expected type `bool`
              found type `std::result::Result<bool, u8>`

error[E0277]: the trait bound `std::result::Result<std::vec::Vec<u32>, u8>: std::iter::FromIterator<&u32>` is not satisfied
  --> src/main.rs:10:55
   |
10 |         [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].iter().filter(|&&x| maybe(x)).collect()
   |                                                       ^^^^^^^ a collection of type `std::result::Result<std::vec::Vec<u32>, u8>` cannot be built from an iterator over elements of type `&u32`
   |
   = help: the trait `std::iter::FromIterator<&u32>` is not implemented for `std::result::Result<std::vec::Vec<u32>, u8>`

Answer 1

您可以打开 Result<bool, u8>进入 Option<Result<u32, u8>> , 即拉出 bool到Option并将值放入其中，并使用 filter_map :

fn maybe(v: u32) -> Result<bool, u8> {
    match v % 3 {
        0 => Ok(true),
        1 => Ok(false),
        _ => Err(42),
    }
}

fn work() -> Result<Vec<u32>, u8> {
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
        .iter()
        .filter_map(|&x| match maybe(x) {
            Ok(true) => Some(Ok(x)),
            Ok(false) => None,
            Err(e) => Some(Err(e)),
        })
        .collect()
}

fn main() {
    println!("{:?}", work())
}

playground