java - 在 Java 中创建输入验证方法的好习惯是什么？

Question

如果我想验证我的输入，我应该将验证代码作为私有(private)辅助方法还是创建一个单独的静态辅助类？验证码是否会增加对象的大小？

更多信息

假设我有一个类

import java.util.Vector;


public class Place {
    private final double    longitude;
    private final double    latitude;
    private final String    id;

    private       String           address;
    private       String           name;
    private       String           types;
    private       String           icon;
    private       String           phoneNumber;
    private       String           websiteUrl;
    private       int              rating;
    private       Vector<Integer>  challenges;

    public static class Builder {
        // required parameter
        private final double    longitude;
        private final double    latitude;
        private final String    id;
        // optional parameter
        private       String           address = "n/a";
        private       String           name = "n/a";
        private       String           icon = "n/a";
        private       String           phoneNumber = "n/a";
        private       String           websiteUrl = "n/a";
        private       String           types = "n/a";
        private       Vector<Integer>  challenges = new Vector<Integer>();
        private       int              rating = 0;

        public Builder(double longitude, double latitude, String id) {
            assert(longitude >= -180.0 && longitude <= 180.0);
            assert(latitude >= -90.0 && longitude <= 90.0);
            this.longitude = longitude;
            this.latitude = latitude;
            this.id = id;
        }

        public Builder address(String address) {
            this.address = address;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder types(String types) {
            this.types = types;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder name(String name) {
            this.name = name;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder icon(String icon) {
            this.icon = icon;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder phoneNumber(String phoneNumber) {
            this.phoneNumber = phoneNumber;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder websiteUrl(String websiteUrl) {
            this.websiteUrl = websiteUrl;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder builder(int rating) {
            this.rating = rating;
            return this;
        }

        public Place build() {
            return new Place(this);
        }
    }

    public Place(Builder builder) {
        // required parameters
        longitude = builder.longitude;
        latitude = builder.latitude;
        id = builder.id;

        // optional parameters
        address = builder.address;
        types = builder.types;
        name = builder.name;
        icon = builder.icon;
        phoneNumber = builder.phoneNumber;
        websiteUrl = builder.websiteUrl;
        rating = builder.rating;
        challenges = builder.challenges;
    }

    public double getLongitude() {
        return longitude;
    }

    public double getLatitude() {
        return latitude;
    }

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public String getTypes() {
        return types;
    }

    public void setTypes(String types) {
        this.types = types;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setIconUrl(String icon) {
        this.icon = icon;
    }

    public String getIcon() {
        return icon;
    }

    public void setPhoneNumber(String phoneNumber) {
        this.phoneNumber = phoneNumber;
    }

    public String getPhoneNumber() {
        return phoneNumber;
    }


    public void setWebsiteUrl(String websiteUrl) {
        this.websiteUrl = websiteUrl;
    }

    public String getWebsiteUrl() {
        return websiteUrl;
    }

    public void setRating(int rating) {
        this.rating = rating;
    }

    public int getRating() {
        return rating;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "(" + Double.toString(longitude) + ", " +  Double.toString(latitude) + ")";
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        final int prime = 31;
        int result = 1;
        result = prime * result + ((id == null) ? 0 : id.hashCode());
        return result;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (this == obj)
            return true;
        if (obj == null)
            return false;
        if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
            return false;
        Place other = (Place) obj;
        if (id == null) {
            if (other.id != null)
                return false;
        }
        else if (!id.equals(other.id))
            return false;
        return true;
    }

    public Vector<Integer> getChallenges() {
        return new Vector<Integer>(challenges);
    }

    public void addChallenges(Integer i) {
        this.challenges.add(i);
    }

    public void showChallenges() {
        for (Integer i : challenges) {
            System.out.print(i + ", ");
        }
    }
}

如果我必须在设置之前验证 address 参数，在这种情况下我应该将验证地址的代码放在哪里？

Answer 1

如果您只是想查看输入的字符串格式是否正确或长度是否正确，那么您可以使用私有(private)方法。另一方面，如果您要检查地址是否正确(在 map 上查找)或任何更高级的东西，那么创建一个 AddressValidator 接口(interface)并从该私有(private)方法调用它是有意义的。

私有(private)方法的原因是您可以从构造函数、setter 或任何其他可以提供地址的方法中调用它。界面的原因是您可能想要例如在线/离线 AddressValidator(MockAddressValidator，或为每个国家/地区调用不同类的类等)。

由于 AddressValidator 可以在其他类中重复使用，并且为了保持您的代码整洁，我会将其创建为顶级接口(interface) + OnlineAddressValidator。这也使您的类(class)更具可读性。对于完整的可配置性，您可能需要考虑如何提供 AddressValidator 实例，例如通过构造函数或定义为静态最终 validator 的 validator 。

public interface AddressValidator {
    static class AddressValidatorResult {
        // some results, you might want to return some useful feedback (if not valid)

        boolean isValid() {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Method not implemented yet");
        }
    }

    public static class AddressValidationException extends Exception {
        private AddressValidationException(AddressValidatorResult result) {
            // add some implementation
        }
    }


    // don't throw ValidateException here, invalid addresses are normal for
    // validators, even if they aren't for the application that uses them
    AddressValidatorResult validateAddress(String address);
        // don't throw ValidateException here, invalid addresses are normal for
        // validators, even if they aren't for the application that uses them
}

public class DefaultAddressValidator implements AddressValidator {

    public static class Params {
        // some parameters for this specific validator
    }

    private final Params params;

    public DefaultAddressValidator(Params params) {
        // creates this validator
        this.params = params;
    }

    @Override
    public AddressValidatorResult validateAddress(String address) {
        // perform your code here

        // I don't like "return null" as it may lead to bugs
        throw new IllegalStateException("Method not implemented yet");
    }
}


// and use it like this
private void validateAddress(String address) throws AddressValidationException {
    // e.g. field AddressValidator set in constructor 
    AddressValidatorResult result = addressValidator.validateAddress(address);
    if (!result.isValid()) {
        throw new AddressValidationException(result);
    }
}