java - Maven 未能通过 JUnit Spring Controller 测试，但在 Eclipse 中工作正常

Question

当我在 eclipse 中运行 Junit 测试时，它没有任何问题。但是当我想用 Maven 构建应用程序时。它会失败。如果我删除测试类，一切正常。

测试类:

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "test-context.xml")
public class RoomControllerTest {

    private final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RoomServiceTest.class);

    @Autowired
    private RoomService roomService;
    @Autowired
    private CalendarHelper cal;

    @Autowired
    private RoomController room;

    private MockHttpServletRequest mockRequest;
    private AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter handlerAdapter;
    private MockHttpServletResponse mockResponse;

    @Before
    @Transactional
    public void setUP() {
        mockRequest = new MockHttpServletRequest();
        handlerAdapter = new AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter();
        mockResponse = new MockHttpServletResponse();

        roomService.save(new Room("test", DigestUtils.sha256Hex("test"), cal
                .getExpiresDate()));
    }

@Test
    @Transactional
    public void login() throws Exception {
        mockRequest.setMethod("POST");
        mockRequest.setParameter("name", "test");
        mockRequest.setParameter("pwd", "test");
        mockRequest.setRequestURI("/login");

        @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
        HttpMessageConverter[] messageConverters = {new MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter()};

        handlerAdapter.setMessageConverters(messageConverters);

        handlerAdapter.handle(mockRequest, mockResponse, room);

        log.debug(mockResponse.getContentAsString());

    }
}

Controller 类:

@Controller
public class RoomController {

    @Autowired
    private RoomService roomService;

@RequestMapping(value = "login", method = { RequestMethod.POST,
            RequestMethod.GET })
    public @ResponseBody Room login(
            @RequestParam(value = "name", required = true) String name,
            @RequestParam(value = "pwd", required = true) String pwd) {

        return roomService.login(name.toLowerCase(), pwd);
    }
}

测试上下文.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd">



    <import resource="classpath:persistence/Hibernate.xml" />


    <context:annotation-config />
    <context:component-scan base-package="webaccess" />

    <mvc:annotation-driven />

</beans>

pom.xml:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>WebAccess</groupId>
    <artifactId>WebAccess</artifactId>
    <version>b1</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <name>WebAccess</name>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <spring.version>3.1.1.RELEASE</spring.version>
        <hibernate.version>4.1.4.Final</hibernate.version>
        <slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>

        <!-- Spring -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Hibernate -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Hibernate dependecies -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
            <version>1.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cglib</groupId>
            <artifactId>cglib</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.2</version>
        </dependency>


        <!-- MySQL connector -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.21</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- logging -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- testing -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.10</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- json -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
            <version>1.9.8</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- other -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
            <version>1.6</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <!-- Java version -->
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.5.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.7</source>
                    <target>1.7</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.1.2</version>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-eclipse-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.9</version>
                <configuration>
                    <downloadJavadocs>true</downloadJavadocs>
                    <wtpversion>2.0</wtpversion>
                    <additionalBuildcommands>
                        <buildCommand>
                            <name>org.springframework.ide.eclipse.core.springbuilder</name>
                        </buildCommand>
                    </additionalBuildcommands>
                    <additionalProjectnatures>
                        <projectnature>org.springframework.ide.eclipse.core.springnature</projectnature>
                    </additionalProjectnatures>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.2</version>
                <configuration>
                    <packagingExcludes>WEB-INF/web.xml</packagingExcludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

错误:

-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/http/HttpServletResponse
    at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethods0(Native Method)
    at java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredMethods(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Class.getMethod0(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Class.getMethod(Unknown Source)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.battery.JUnitBattery.processTestClass(JUnitBattery.java:126)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.battery.JUnitBattery.<init>(JUnitBattery.java:81)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.SurefireUtils.instantiateBattery(SurefireUtils.java:63)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.Surefire.instantiateBatteries(Surefire.java:262)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.Surefire.run(Surefire.java:140)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.Surefire.run(Surefire.java:87)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.SurefireBooter.runTestsInProcess(SurefireBooter.java:285)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.SurefireBooter.run(SurefireBooter.java:201)
    at org.apache.maven.test.SurefirePlugin.execute(SurefirePlugin.java:366)
    at org.apache.maven.plugin.DefaultBuildPluginManager.executeMojo(DefaultBuildPluginManager.java:101)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:209)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:153)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:145)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject(LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:84)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject(LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:59)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleStarter.singleThreadedBuild(LifecycleStarter.java:183)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleStarter.execute(LifecycleStarter.java:161)
    at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute(DefaultMaven.java:320)
    at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.execute(DefaultMaven.java:156)
    at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.execute(MavenCli.java:537)
    at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.doMain(MavenCli.java:196)
    at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.main(MavenCli.java:141)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launchEnhanced(Launcher.java:290)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:230)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.mainWithExitCode(Launcher.java:409)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.main(Launcher.java:352)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse
    at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
    at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
    ... 38 more
RUN ABORTED
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError
org.apache.maven.surefire.Runner
An exception or error caused a run to abort.
javax/servlet/http/HttpServletResponse

Results :
[surefire] Tests run: 0, Failures: 0, Errors: 1

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 1.242s
[INFO] Finished at: Wed Aug 15 12:44:40 CEST 2012
[INFO] Final Memory: 12M/164M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:2.1.2:test (default-test) on project WebAccess: There are some test failure. -> [Help 1]
[ERROR] 
[ERROR] To see the full stack trace of the errors, re-run Maven with the -e switch.
[ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging.
[ERROR] 
[ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles:
[ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/MojoExecutionException

Answer 1

我认为您需要添加 Servlet API 作为范围的依赖项 provided给你的pom.xml :

<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
    <version>2.5</version>
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

我猜它在 Eclipse 中运行良好，因为 Servlet API 包含在项目属性的类路径中(特别是如果您使用动态 Web 项目)，但对于 Maven 构建，您需要在 pom.xml 中声明它.

请注意 <scope>provided</scope>很重要——没有它，如果您尝试部署 .war，您将遇到类加载问题由 Maven 组装的文件。